Personality Disorders Flashcards
personality traits
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
what are personality disorders
persistent patterns of emotions, cognitions, behaviours, that result in pervasive problems in personal and interpersonal functioning
how many people are thought to have personality disorder
~10%
clusters of PDs in DSM
odd/eccentric
dramatic/erratic
anxious/fearful
examples of odd/eccentric PDs
paranoid
schizo
schizotypal
examples of dramatic/erratic PDs
antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic
examples of anxious/fearful PDs
avoidant
dependent
obsessive compulsive
what are the features of avoidant personality disorder
extreme symptoms to opinions of other
highly avoidant to most interpersonal relationships
interpersonally anxious and fearful of rejection/criticism
low self esteem
what is APD comorbid with
depression
what are the views that one with APD may have
pervasive and strongly held view of inadequacy
immobilised by hypersensitivity to criticism
what are the features of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
perfectionism
preoccupation with rules, details, organising, lists, planning
excessive devotion to work
inflexible morals and values
relucutance to delegate
difficulty throwing things away
OCD and OCPD
both marked by rigid, ritualised behaviours
symptoms in OCD
ego-syntonic
symptoms in OCPD
ego dystonic
what are the features of dependent personality disorder
deep reliance on others
- fear of separation, clingy, submissive, feeling helpless when alone, need to be taken care of
difficulty asserting disagreement, denies thoughts that may displease others
reliance on others to make decisions
submission to unreasonable demands
what are the features of paranoid personality disorder
pervasive mistrust and suspicion of others
hyper vigilance to possible exploitation
preoccupied with doubts of trustworthiness and suspicion
very reactive to perceived slights
bears grudges, constantly embroiled in conflict
often isolated
what are the features of schizoid personality disorder
pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships
limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations
profound indifference to approval and criticism
not interested in pleasurable activities
tend to be socially isolated
what are the features of schizotypal personality disorder
behaviour is eccentric (talks to self)
socially isolated, aloof, non emotional
highly suspicious of others
strange beliefs and theories
- ideas of reference, superstitious/magical thinking, illusions,
disorganised speech
SCZ and STPD
similar but milder cognitive deficits, brain changes in STPD
what are the features of antisocial personality disorders
“sociopathy/psychopathy”
violation of rights of others
irresponsible, aggressive, impuslive, deceitful behaviours
lack of conscience, empathy, remorse
may be charming and manipulative
law breaking is common
associated with childhood adversity
APD and under arousal hypothesis
lower autonomic arousal to aversive stimulation
lower fear response
less involvement in emotions of others
what are the features of narcissistic personality disorder
exaggerated and unreasonable sense of self importance
preoccupation with receiving attention
lack of compassion for others
highly sensitive to criticism
envious and arrogant
what are the features of borderline personality disorder
unstable moods (switching from adoration to contempt)
fear of abandonment
hate being alone
impulsivity
- self mutilation, suicidal gestures and threats, gambling, sexual risk taking
poor self image
depressive
prevalence of BPD in clinical settings
20%
