Sex and Gender Flashcards
what is a sexual dysfunction
specific problems with desire, arousal, interest, climax, pain
what is a paraphilic disorder
attraction to unusual sexual activities or objects
how many man and women in USE suffer with sexual dysfunction
31% of men
43% of women
how long must symptoms be present for before diagnosis
6+ months
what are the 3 broad categories of sexual dysfunctions
desire, arousal, interest
orgasm/climax
sexual pain
disorders of desire
little/no interest in sexual activity causing distress or impairment for self for partner
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder definition
able to get aroused but desire is deficient
- low sex drive
erectile disorder definition
failure to attain or maintain erection at least 75% of time
female sexual interest/arousal disorder - possible deficits
interest in sex
erotic thoughts or fantasies
initiation of sex or response to partner initiation
excitement/pleasure
interest/arousal by erotic cues
genital or non genital sensations absent or lessened
how does erectile dysfunction change
increases with age
disorders of orgasm / climax
premature ejaculation
delayed ejaculation
female orgasmic disorder
premature ejaculation
cumming with minimal sexual stimulation (less than 1 min) on more than 75% of occasion
delayed ejaculation
delay in, or absence of orgasm following normal sexual excitement phase during sexual activity
female orgasmic disorder
delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase during sexual activity
how common is premature ejaculation
21%
how common is female orgasmic disorder
24%
what is sexual pain disorder
inability to have vaginal/penetration during intercourse
symptoms of sexual pain disorder
marked vulvar/vaginal/pelvic pain during penetration or intercourse attempts
marked fear or anxiety about pain and penetration
marked tensing of pelvic floor muscles during attempted penetration
areas of aetiology of sexual dysfunction
medical
psych, social, cultural
diseases and sexual dysfunction
diabetes
ms
spinal cord injury
- affects getting aroused, erections
hormones and sexual dysfunction
genetic abnormalities
individual differences - periods, menopause etc
taking hormones
medication effects and sexual dysfunction
affects arousal, desire
mental health and sexual dysfunction
depression, anxiety, panic disorder
- arousal, maintenance, desire
low physiological arousal and sexual dysfunction
exhaustion stress
biological treatments
antidepressants / anxiolytic medications
erectile dysfunction medications
psychosocial treatments
individual and couples therapy
psychoeducation
sensate focus therapy (masters and johnson)
sexual activity with the goal on focusing on sensations without direct attempt at climax
decrease performance anxiety
viagra
increases blood flow to penis
success rate of viagra
max 13%
how long must symptoms of paraphilia be present before diagnosis
6 months
when is paraphilia considered disorderd
when experience clinically significant distress or impairment
or when acts on urges to non consenting person
fetishistic disorder
sexual attraction to non living objects as preferred/exclusive source of arousal
transvestic fetishism
dresses as opposite sex as primary means of becoming aroused
voyeurism
desire/excitement with peeping, observing unsuspecting person undressing etc
exhibitionism
sexual gratification by exposing self to involuntary others
frotteurism
sexual gratification by fondling non consenting person
paedophilia
sexual desire or behaviours focused on children
sadism
sexual gratification obtained through inflicting pain and humiliation on partner
masochism
sexual gratification obtained through experiencing pain and humiliation at hands of partner
how many sexual offenders were abused as children
2/3
how many boys who were abused as child, abuse as adults
<5%
psychological/cognitive risk factors for paraphilia disorders
difficulty forming normal relationships
deficits in typical sexual experiences
heightened impulsivity and poor emotional regulation
lower IQ and more cognitive problems
lack of empathy
alcohol
enhancing motivation for change
educating about legal consequences, family problems etc
stimulus control
change lifestyle to reduce expsoure to triggering situation
harder to give into triggers in moment of lapse
cognitive therapy
challenge thought distortions
empathy training
what is the issue with psychological treatment for paraphilia disorders
often mandated, tied to condition of release, do not realise they have problem
biological treatments for paraphilias
SSRIs
chemical castration
what is gender dysphoria
state of psych distress arising from mismatch between experienced gender and assigned gender
what is sex
persons gender based on genitals and sex chromosomes
what is gender
socially constructed notion of what it means to be more masculine/feminine
what is a gender role
persons belief about how they should behave as male/female in society
disorders of sex development
individuals born with biological features of both sexes
DSM criteria for gender dysphoria in adults
- marked incongruence between experience and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
- strong desire to be rid of primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
- strong desire for primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender
- strong desire to be the other gender
- strong desire to be treated as the other gender
- strong conviction that one has typical feelings and reactions of the other gender
what is a required criterion for the diagnosis of gender dysphoria in children
strong desire to be of the other gender/insistence that one is the alternative gender
what age do symptoms of gender dysphoria appear in children
3-4 years
criteria for gender dysphoria in children
- strong desire to be of the other gender/insistence that one is the alternative gender
- strong preference for wearing clothes of other gender
- strong preference for cross gender roles in play
- strong preference for toys, games, activities associated with other gender
- strong preference for playmates of other gender
- rejection of games, play, activities associated with natal sex
- strong dislike of ones sexual anatomy
- desire for sex characteristics that match experienced gender
how long must symptoms of gender dysphoria last
> 6 months
how many transgender people exist
25 million
brain and gender dysphoria
some evidence shows that brain are more closely aligned with gender identity than physical sex characteristics
process of gender confirmation surgery
psychological evaluation
hormonal treatments
live as experienced gender
surgical procedure of sexual anatomy
how many people regret changing sexual anatomy
9%
