Staphylococci Flashcards

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1
Q

Staph species mainly responsible for female outpatient UTIs

A

S. saprophyticus

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2
Q

Staphylococcal “A” antimicrobials?

A
  • penicillin
  • oxacillin/cefoxitin
  • erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
  • clindamycin
  • SxT
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3
Q

Foreign-body related infections (FBRIs) are associated with _________ formation

A

biofilm

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4
Q

Staph vs micrococci LYSOSTAPHIN

A

Staph: S
Microccoci: R

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5
Q

3 cell structures involved in S. aureus pathogenicity?

A
  • teichoic acids
  • capsule
  • protein A
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6
Q

What is an “A” category of antimicrobials?

A

They are always tested and always reported

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7
Q

How is MRSA screened using chromagars (interpretation)?

A

Potential MRSA will be able to grow on the plate (has cefoxitin) AND produces a colour change (substrate taken up is specific to S. aureus)

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8
Q

True CoNS represented by?

A

S. epidermidis

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9
Q

TC: POS staph that are NOT S. aureus?

A

Veterinary staph

  • S. hyicus
  • S. intermedius
  • S. pseudointermedius
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10
Q

What would S. aureus isolated from urine indicate?

A

Rare => infection spread from another body site

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11
Q

Staph vs micrococci BACITRACIN (Taxo A)

A

Staph: R
Micrococci: S

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12
Q

Purpose of testing cefoxitin with oxacillin?

A

Cefoxitin tested as a surrogate for oxacillin = not reported for use, rather to test for mecA resistance to oxacillin (and therefore other B-lactams)

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13
Q

Species of CoNS implicated in 80-90% of CoNS infections?

A

S. epidermidis

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14
Q

Classic S. aureus on BAP description + smear

A

BH med gold op

s/ gpc pr

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15
Q

What does hematogenous mean?

A

Involving, spread by, or arising in the blood

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16
Q

Reasons for false POS catalase test?

A
  • blood from BAP

- reactive metals (loops)

17
Q

What is the anti-MRSA cephem?

A

Ceftaroline

18
Q

Staph atmospheric?

A

Facultative anaerobes

19
Q

S. aureus PYR neg or pos? Other staph?

A

PYR: NEG

Other staph PYR: POS

20
Q

Staph vs micrococci PIGMENT

A

Staph: golden
Micrococci: grey-yellow

21
Q

What is heteroresistance?

A

2 subpopulations within the same culture - 1 exhibits R and the other exhibits S to the same antimicrobial

22
Q

Micrococci atmospheric?

A

Obligate aerobes

23
Q

Colour of S. saprophyticus on BAP?

A

Chalky white

24
Q

Significance of S. lugdunensis as an emerging pathogen?

A

Serious infections in the absence of manipulation + many virulence factors similar to S. aureus

25
Q

2 main virulence factors of CoNS?

A
  • biofilm formation

- inherent resistance to antibiotics

26
Q

Why is detection of heteroresistance important?

A

Resistant cells grow more slowly = need to ensure recovery

27
Q

3 conditions to enhance detection of heteroresistance?

A
  • Longer incubation (full 24 hrs)
  • Increase salt content (enhance growth of salt-resistant cells)
  • Lower incubation temperature (33-35C to favour resistant cells)
28
Q

Purpose of chromagars for MRSA? Selective agent in it?

A

Used to screen for MRSA in patient samples

Cefoxitin (rather than oxacillin)

29
Q

S. lugdunensis colonizes where?

A

Groin

30
Q

Staph vs micrococci MODIFIED OXIDASE

A

Staph: NEG
Micrococci: POS

31
Q

Responsible for 40% of CSF shunt infections and many inpatient catheter-related bacteremia, UTI

A

S. epidermidis

32
Q

Reasons for false NEG catalase test?

A
  • old cultures

- inactive reagent

33
Q

Classic S. aureus morpholohy?

A

BH med golden op