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Clinical Microbiology 1 > NFB > Flashcards

NFB Flashcards

1
Q

Which P. aeruginosa pathogenicity factor?

This exacerbates nosocomial pneumonia due to its suppression of cilia and damage to oxygenated tissue

A

Pyocyanin

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2
Q

Non-motile NFB

A

Acinetobacter

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3
Q

NFB with lavender-green colour and ammonia odour

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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4
Q

The one feature shared by all NFBs

A

Inability to ferment sugars

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5
Q

NFB that is increasingly isolated in UTIs, endocarditis, meningitis, cellulitis, peritonitis (dialysis)

A

Acinetobacter spp.

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6
Q

Why is Hugh-Leifson O/F media better for displaying carbohydrate utilization by NFBs?

A

Increased carbohydrate to protein ratio (5:1 rather than 2:1)

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7
Q

Diffusible yellow-green and fluorescent pigment produced by the fluorescent pseudomonads

A

PYOVERDIN

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8
Q

How is indole extracted in the indole production test?

A

1 mL xylene + 15 drops Ehrlich’s solution

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9
Q

P. aeruginosa infection that would more likely be seen in an immunocompetent individual?

A

Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

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10
Q

Suspect B. cepacia if:

Glucose = ?
ONPG = ?
Lysine = ?
Oxidase = ?
A 
Glucose = non-fermenter (NEG)
ONPG = POS
Lysine = POS
Oxidase = weakly POS
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11
Q

This trauma often results in P. aeruginosa infections and subsequent extensive damage due to exotoxin A and other factors.

A

BURN

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12
Q

B. cepacia - growth on cetrimide?

A

NG;

But will grow in Povidone-iodine and other disinfectants

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13
Q

Grape odour

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

A special agar plate that can be used to detect pyoverdine using UV light

A

Pseudomonas F agar

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15
Q

Decarboxylase test for NFBs - why is base control purple (grey-purple, turbid)?

A

No fermentation step

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16
Q

3 initial clues from PRIMARY plates that may be indicative of NFB over Enterobacteriaceae

A
  1. Growth on BAP better than MAC
  2. Oxidase POS
  3. Pigmented
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17
Q

A 2-step enzymatic test requiring the organism to produce BOTH a dihydrolase AND a decarboxylase

The base will be greyish-purple turbid rather than yellow turbid if the isolate is an NFB

A

Moeller’s test for arginine

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18
Q

Causes dissolution of elastic lamina of blood vessels

A

Elastase

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19
Q

This NFB’s sources of infection include:

  • contaminated medications
  • disinfectants (povidone-iodine)
  • water
  • contaminated equipment
A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

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20
Q

Keratitis due to this organism is a medical emergency

A

P. aeruginosa

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21
Q

How does the Leifson flagellar stain work?

A

Alcoholic solution of a rosaniline dye

Alcohol evaporates, dye precipitates and coats the flagella

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22
Q

2 NFB that produce pyoverdine

A
  • P. aeruginosa

- P. fluorescens

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23
Q

Purpose of Hugh-Leifson media?

A

Determine mode of glucose utilization for NFBs

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24
Q

Strongly oxidase POS and grow well on MAC

A

Pseudomonas

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25
Q

P. aeruginosa is notoriously resistant to many cephalosporins. However, this third-generation cephem is usually suitable.

A

CEFTAZIDIME

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26
Q

These polysaccharide polymers result in very mucoid, difficult to eradicat strains of P. aeruginosa.

A

ALGINATES

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27
Q

Most of the NFBs are “S” to this ABX; B. cepacia is “R”. For this reason it can be incorporated into media selective for B. cepacia e.g. PCM and OFPBL.

A

POLYMYXIN

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28
Q

In this stain procedure, a rosaniline dye is prepared in alcohol. As the alcohol evaporates, the dye precipitates and coats the flagella, making them visible by light micorscopy.

A

LEIFSON

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29
Q

In the Entner-Douderoff pathway, weak acids and __ are generated.

A

WATER

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30
Q

To detect ______ in NFBs:

  • Use a richer source of tryptophan in the substrate
  • Extract the product with xylene
  • Test with Ehrlich’s reagent
A

Indole

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31
Q

Slime-like pathogenic substance

A

Alginates

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32
Q

Overlapping phenotypic and genotypic characteristics has made both taxonomy
and identification difficult

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

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33
Q

2 NFBs that are oxidase NEG

A
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

- Acinetobacter spp.

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34
Q

P. aeruginosa infection that affects the general public

A

Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

35
Q

NFB that is associated with contaminated blood products and why?

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Can grow at 4 degC

36
Q

T/F: When performing the assimilation test in the API 20NE:

it is better to underfill rather than overfill

A

False - overfill better

37
Q

Mesophile that grows in 24-42 degC

A

P. aeruginosa

38
Q

Species name of an Alcaligenes that was once called odorans because of its distinctive fruity odour. It is rarely implicated in infection and shows a strong alkaline reaction in O/F testing.

39
Q

In a TSI, the NFBs will give a result of K over ___ (K/_)

40
Q

“AUX media suspension is made to a #0.5 McFarland standard” is true for which API 20NE tests?

A

Saline suspension tests

41
Q

S. maltophilia, Serratia, S. pyogenes, and some Proteus strains are positive in this test.

42
Q

P. fluorescens infections are usually ________ (e.g. contaminated solutions)

A

iaotrogenic

43
Q

Commonly exhibits colonial variants (dwarf, sister or daughter colonies)

A

P. aeruginosa

44
Q

Dirt odour

A

Burkholderia cepacia

45
Q

Fruity (but not like grapes) odour

A

Alcaligenes

46
Q

Class A ABX for P. aeruginosa infections - it is an extended-spectrum ureidopenicillin

A

PIPERACILLIN

47
Q

Associated w/ severe post-lung transplantation infections

A

B. cepacia

48
Q

Pyocycanin suppresses these structures in the respiratory tract.

49
Q

Rare opportunist, no known virulence factors, if isolated you should question its clinical significance

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens

50
Q

In a smear, tends to retain crystal violet and may have coccoid shape

A

Acinetobacter

51
Q

Another term for the common small colonial variants seen with P. aeruginosa; “sister” and “daughter” colonies are sometimes used as descriptors.

52
Q

Biochemical test for detecting NFBs where the peptone to carbohydrate ratio = 1:5

A

Hugh-Leifson oxidative/fermentative test (O/F)

53
Q

Purpose of special oxidative/fermentative (O/F) media?

A

Detect weak acids of oxidative NFBs

54
Q

SxT is the best antimicrobial for which two NFBs?

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

55
Q

The one NFB studied that is colistin: R

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

56
Q

NFB that is:

  • DNase POS
  • Strongly maltose O/F POS
A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

57
Q

“Not done routinely but can be useful for hard-to-ID isolates”

A

Flagellar stains

58
Q

Most commonly and 2nd most commonly isolated NFB due to infections

A

1st: P. aeruginosa
2nd: Acinetobacter spp.

59
Q

Infection associated with hot tub use and both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

A

FOLLICULITIS

60
Q

1st and 2nd most common pathogen isolated from CF respiratory secretions

A
  1. P. aeruginosa

2. S. maltophilia

61
Q

The most commonly isolated NH saccharolytic species of Acinetobacter.

62
Q

Siderophore associated with biofilm formation

A

Pyoverdine

63
Q

Starting to emerge now as serious, multi-drug resistant pathogens (Iraqibacter)

A

Acinetobacter spp.

64
Q

Acinetobacter intrinsic vs acquired resistance compared to other NFBs?

A
  • LESS intrinsic resistance

- GREATER capacity to acquire resistance

65
Q

How to rule out growth of P. fluorescens vs P. aeruginosa?

A

P. fluorescens cannot grow at 42 degC

66
Q

Emerging main concern with respect to Acinetobacter infections?

A

Capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance

67
Q

Another approach to describing Acinetobacter organisms?

A

“Saccharolytic” or “asaccharolytic”

68
Q

P. aeruginosa is associated with this contact lens user infection of the cornea in situations of poor hygiene.

69
Q

Which P. aeruginosa pathogenicity factor?

Nebulizers and other hospital equipment as well as ophthalmic and pharmaceutical solutions may be implicated in infections b/c of this trait

A

Resists disinfectants

70
Q

Capable of growing in the disinfectant cetrimide

A

P. aeruginosa

71
Q

T/F: When performing the assimilation test in the API 20NE:

an oil overlay is required

A

False - oxidative

72
Q

What does cepacia syndrome refer to

A

B. cepacia colonization, infection, and rapid decline in patient health

73
Q

Iron-containing media may stimulate production of a _______________ pigment in B. cepacia colonies (more likely seen on CHOC than BAP)

A

bright yellow (chartreuse)

74
Q

Ammonia odour

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

75
Q

4 Pseudomonas category A drugs

A
  • Ceftazidime
  • Gentamicin
  • Tobramycin
  • Piperacillin
76
Q

May appear mauve on MAC

A

Acinetobacter

77
Q

If the colony colour is __________, differentiate P. fluorescens from P. aeruginosa by growth at 42 degC

A

yellow-green

78
Q

Which P. aeruginosa pathogenicity factor?

Involved in biofilm formation, this particularly prevalent in strains causing lower respiratory tract infections in CF patients

79
Q

Infection associated with hot tub use and both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

A

FOLLICULITIS

80
Q

Based on atmospheric requirements, the non-fermentative bacilli (NFBs) are considered to be ____.

81
Q

The most commonly isolated NH saccharolytic species of Acinetobacter.

82
Q

2 NFB that may be BH on BAP

A
  • P. aeruginosa

- Acinetobacter hemolyticus

83
Q

Usual ratio of peptone:carb (e.g. for testing Enterobacteriaceae) that cannot be used for testing NFB?

A

Peptone:carb = 2:1

84
Q

Chartreuse pigment on iron-containing media

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Clinical Microbiology 1 (12 decks)

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