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Clinical Microbiology 1 > Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

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1
Q

E.coli : LF/NLF, VP, CIT

A
  • LF
  • VP NEG
  • CIT NEG
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2
Q

MACpp NLF

  • PDA POS
  • H2S POS
A

Proteus

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3
Q

MACpp: LF or pale LF or NLF

  • VP NEG
  • Citrate POS
A

Citrobacter species

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4
Q

this toxin is associated with bloody diarrhea

A

SHIGA

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5
Q

Usually NOT part of healthy human’s flora; found in water, soil, food

A

Serratia

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6
Q

What is prodigiosin

A

Red/pink/orange non-diffusible pigment found in Serratia

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7
Q

What is biochemically unique about Serratia (aside from pigment)

A

Produces 3 hydrolytic enzymes

  • lipase
  • gelatinase
  • DNase
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8
Q

Serology (O/H/K) is used to confirm what?

A
  • Biochemical ID of Salmonella, Shigella (polyvalent O for Salmonella)
  • Pathogenic serotypes (monovalent for E. coli O:157)
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9
Q

How is Group D Shigella (S. sonnei) differentiated from the other 3 groups?

A

Delayed LF on MAC

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10
Q

Proteus, Providencia and Morganella are intrinsically resistant to tetracycline, _______ and colistin

A

NITROFURANTOIN

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11
Q

Category A abx

A
  • Ampicillin
  • 1st gen cefazolin
  • Gentamicin
  • Tobramycin
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12
Q

an acronym for those Enterobacteriaceae that are intrinsically resistant to certain B-lactam drugs (but not the 3rd generation cephalosporins)

A

SPICE

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13
Q

MACpp: domed LF

  • VP POS
  • Citrate POS
A

Klebsiella or Enterobacter

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14
Q

K1 antigen is the main virulence factor in ______

A

MNEC

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15
Q

abbr. - in this test, FeCl3 is added and a green complex forms in a positive test

A

PDA

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16
Q

if this is added to a truly negative nitrate test which is colourless after Nit A and B, a red colour will appear

A

ZINC

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17
Q

2 organisms that can cause complicated UTI in the elderly?

A

Proteus, Enterobacter

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18
Q

How is Group D Shigella (S. sonnei) differentiated from the other 3?

A

Delayed LF on MAC

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19
Q

Where are each of these antigens found on the cell: O, H, K

A

O - outer membrane
H - flagella
K - capsule

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20
Q

“currant jelly-like” sputum can result when colonization of this species of Klebsiella progresses to destructive disease in debilitated patients

A

PNEUMONIAE

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21
Q

There is no documented intrinsic resistance to the _________ in Proteus mirabilis

A

Beta-lactams

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22
Q

All Enterobacteriaceae except Plesiomonas are negative for this test

A

OXIDASE

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23
Q

Purpose of selenite enrichment broth?

A

Enhance growth of Salmonella and Shigella while inhibiting normal flora

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24
Q

2 words - when Salmonella Typhi sequesters here patients can “shed” the organism and can infect others while they themselves are asymptomatic

A

BILIARY TREE

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25
Q

Proteus is associated with alkaline encrusted cystitis, scarring and kidney stones because of hyper-production of this enzyme.

A

UREASE

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26
Q

What/which org(s) have intrinsic resistance against all of: tetra, nitro, colistin?

A

Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

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27
Q

Cronobacter sakazakii and Pantoea agglomerans were at one time included in this genus

A

ENTEROBACTER

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28
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae is intrinsically resistant to this antibiotic as well as ticarcillin

A

AMPICILLIN

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29
Q

abbr. - organisms that lack permease but produce B-galactosidase will be NLF on MAC at 16-18 hrs., but POS in this test

A

ONPG

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30
Q

Intrinsic R in E. coli?

A

None

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31
Q

Most common E. coli serotype causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (hamburger disease)

A

STEC (EHEC)

Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli)

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32
Q

MACpp: LF or NLF

  • VP NEG
  • Citrate NEG
  • Indole POS
A

E. coli

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33
Q

3 key biochemical features shared by this family

A
  • ferment glucose
  • oxidase NEG
  • reduce nitrates to nitrites
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34
Q

this enrichment broth is used to inhibit normal enteric flora while promoting the growth of enteric pathogens within a short incubation period

A

SELENITE

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35
Q

this sugar replaces lactose in a “SMAC” plate; potential pathogens screen as colourless colonies from this stool media plate

A

SORBITOL

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36
Q

Unique among Enterbacteriaceae for oxidatively deaminating phylalanine (an alpha-amino acid) to pyruvic acid (i.e. PD positive; most Enter are PD neg)

A

Proteus

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37
Q

E. coli, Citrobacter koseri, Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus vulgaris are positive in this test. Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis are negative

A

INDOL

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38
Q

Salmonella Typhi has the __ antigen that is specific to it called the __ antigen

A

K antigen called Vi antigen

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39
Q

Serological testing should be done from ______ media

A

non-selective (BAP, MH)

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40
Q

What are the 3 PDA+ organisms?

A

Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

41
Q

Organism that is the exception to all Enterobacteriaceae being oxidase NEG?

A

Pleiomonas shigelloides

42
Q

Morphology of MOST Enterobacteriaceae on BAP?

A

NH lrg gr

43
Q

Specimens that would be received for possible Yersinia?

A

Blood, sputum, lymph node aspirate

44
Q

___________ are biochemially and antigenically related to Salmonella

A

Citrobacter

45
Q

this enzyme causes the release of ammonia and CO2 which turns the phenol red indicator a hot pink colour

A

UREASE

46
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica will appear as a pink “bull’s eye” colony an a CIN plate because it ferments this sugar

A

MANNITOL

47
Q

MACpp NLF

  • PDA POS
  • H2S NEG
A

Providencia, Morganella

48
Q

LF, H2S+

A

C. freundii

Very unique for it

49
Q

Citrobacter: LF/NLF, VP, CIT

A
  • LF
  • VP NEG
  • CIT POS
50
Q

What to look for on YSA plate (CIN = Yersinia selective agar)?

A

Bull’s eye = mannitol fermented (MF)

51
Q

What are the SPiCE organisms?

A

Serratia, Proteus, (indole+), Citrobacter, Enterobacter

52
Q

this is the least serious and most common form of the plague caused by Yersinia pestis

A

BUBONIC

53
Q

What is unique about Yersinia enterocolitica

A

Slow growing NLF that is motile at room temp, non-motile at 35C

54
Q

abbr. - in this test, lactose and sucrose are present at 10x the concentration of glucose

A

TSI

55
Q

What morphology to look for on SMAC?

A

NSF (non-sorbitol fermenter) => indicates E. coli O157

56
Q

2 main differences between Enterbacter and Klebsiella?

A

Enterobacter are

  • motile
  • ornithine POS
57
Q

Haloing gnb direct smear => potential org?

A

Klebsiella

58
Q

BCIT classic E. coli morphology + biochemical

A

BAP: BH
MAC: LF dry/magenta
Spot indole (+)
Oxidase (-)

59
Q

Causes mild gastroenteritis and is reportable from stools

A

Edwardsiella

60
Q

2 non-zoonotic pathogens

A
  • Shigella

- Salmonella Typhi

61
Q

this sugar is fermented by most E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter, variably by Citrobacter, but rarely or not at all by other Enterobacteriaceae studied at BCIT

A

LACTOSE

62
Q

gnb are typically susceptible to this drug - Serratia, Proteus, Providencia and Morganella are exceptions

A

COLISTIN

63
Q

enteric fever due to Salmonella Tyohii is termed ____ because it intially presents as blood culture POS but stool culture NEG then switches to stool culture POS but blood culture NEG

A

BIMODAL

64
Q

Klebsiella: LF/NLF, VP, Orn

A
  • LF
  • VP POS
  • Orn NEG
65
Q

These 4 are commonly recovered in traumatic wound infections

A
  • E. coli
  • Proteus
    and/or
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
66
Q

while E. coli has no known _____ resistance, acquired resistance is well documented, notably as ESBL producers

A

INTRINSIC

67
Q

abbr. for the most serious form of illness associated with the EHEC, of which O157:H7 is the most common in this part of the world

A

HUS

68
Q

abbr. - this term represents indole, motility, VP and citrate

A

IMVIC

69
Q

this Citrobacter is H2S positive, indol negative

A

FREUNDII

70
Q

MAC: NLF

  • PD NEG
  • DNase POS
A

Serratia

71
Q

3 forms of plague caused by Yersinia pestis?

A
  • bubonic
  • septicemic
  • pneumonic
72
Q

abbr. - this signifies another group of E. coli that can cause bloody diarrhea due to cellular invasion

A

EIEC

73
Q

Enterobacter: LF/NLF, VP, Orn

A
  • LF
  • VP POS
  • Orn POS
74
Q

antibiotics are generally not given to treat Salmonella gastroenteritis because it may promote ____ status in patients

A

CARRIER

75
Q

NLF on MAC = separate by __ rxn

A

PD

76
Q

O somatic = heat-______
H flagellar = heat-______
K capsular = heat-______

A

stable, labile, labile

77
Q

the location of the heat-labile K antigen

A

CAPSULE

78
Q

2 members of this family that are NEVER motile and why?

A

Klebsiella, Shigella

Lack flagella

79
Q

this Shigella species causes the most severe disease

A

DYSENTERIAE

80
Q

abbr. - Other than Proteus, Providencia and Morganella, other Enterobacteriaceae studied at BCIT would be negative in this tube test

A

PDA

81
Q

Most common gnb causing neonatal meningitis?

A

MNEC

82
Q

abbr. - a syndrome in which the endotoxin of gnb associated with Lipid A can lead to such intense clotting that factors are depleted resulting in septic shock with hemorrhage and possibly death

A

DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)

83
Q

the heat-stable O antigen

A

SOMATIC

84
Q

Easiest methods of differentiating Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter koseri?

A

Indole and H2S rxns

85
Q

VP+, CIT+, ORN+

A

Enterobacter

86
Q

LF on MAC = separate by __ rxn

A

VP

87
Q

4 species of Shigella?

A

A - S. dysenteriae
B - S. flexneri
C - S. boydii
D - S. sonnei

88
Q

4 main LFs

A
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
  • +/- Citrobacter
89
Q

Delayed LF: _____ permease, _______ B-galactosidase

A

sluggish permease

HAS B-galactosidase

90
Q

UPEC main virulence factor

A

Adhesion type 1

91
Q

hyphenated - this scheme is used to serotype Salmonella using O and H1 and H2 antigens

A

KAUFFMANN-WHITE

92
Q

Citrobacter most commonly causes which disease?

A

UTI (males >=65 years)

93
Q

this test helps to differentiate LFs that are VP negative

A

CITRATE

94
Q

Best biochemical test for distinguishing late LF from NLF

A

ONPG

Helps to distinguish some slow LF E.coli from Shigella

E.coli ONPG+
Shigella ONPG-

95
Q

VP test detects which end product of glucose fermentation?

A

Acetoin

Gets converted to diacetyl (red/pink complex)

96
Q

pH at which methyl red becomes positive

A

4.5

97
Q

Urease production test - ammonia reacts to form what product?

A

Ammonium carbonate

Causes alkalinization which turns phenol red pink at pH 8.0

98
Q

Why is a wet mount motility performed when MALDI identifies E. coli on the enterics bench?

A

Shigella is similar to E. coli and MALDI can misclassify it

Shigella must be ruled out as it is non-motile while E. coli is motile

Clinical Microbiology 1 (12 decks)

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