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staph stre Flashcards

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1
Q

most common cause of septic abortion

A

staph aureus

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2
Q

function of hyaluronidase

A

digest extracellular ground substance and enhance their ability to spread

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3
Q

hylaurinodiase used by

A

s. auerus, s pyogens, c. perfringens

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4
Q

suppurative parotitis in adults is what

A

acute viral or bacterial infection of parotid gland

firm erythematous pre/postauricular swelling: extends to mandible; elevated amylaee

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5
Q

most common cause of suppurative parotitis

A

Staph aureus(can also be cauesd by anaerobes)

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6
Q

a superantigen that binds to MHC II and T cell receptor resulting in polyclonal activation. also interacts w macs

A

TSST

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7
Q

coagulase + cocci in clusters

A

staph auerus

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8
Q

Function of staph aureus Protein A

A

virulence factor; binds Fc-IgG, inhibit complement activation and phagocytosis; prevents oposonization

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9
Q

commonly colonizes anterior nares, axilla, groin

A

staph auerus

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10
Q

Staph auerus is what color pigment

A

golden-yellow pigment

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11
Q

staph auerus causes

A

skin infections, organ abscesses, pneumonia (often after influenza virus infection). skin + soft tissue abscess

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12
Q

staph auerus heart

A

right sided endocaridtis (IV)

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13
Q

most common cause of staph auerus

A

septic arthritis, osteomyelitis

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14
Q

staph auerus enterotoxin

A

rapid food poisioning: think precooled foods, dairy products, custards, mayonnaise based salads (chicken salads; preformed, heat stable ennterotoxin

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15
Q

Scalded skin syndrome: what toxin

A

exfoliative exotoxin; acts as proteases and cleaves desmoglein in desmosomes

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16
Q

What is nikolsky’s sign and where is it seen

A

Nikolsky’s sign (SSS) (skin slipped off w gentle pressure, epidermal necrolysis, fever, pain assoc w skin rash)

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17
Q

fever, vomiting, rash, desqumation, shock, end organ failure. increase AST, ALT, bilirubin

A

Toxic shock syndrome

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18
Q

how do staph and strep pyogenes TSS are different

A

strep pyogenes TSS assoc w painful skin infection

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19
Q

Staph aureus enterotoxin is not destroyed by cookign. this means it is

A

heat stable. also is a preformed toxin

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20
Q

abscess caused by staph auerus : explain

A

forms fibrin clot around self

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21
Q

how is tracheitis different than epiglottis

A

similar but no swollen epiglotis; this is caused by staph auerus

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22
Q

S. auerus spreads

A

hematogenously

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23
Q

R sided endocarditis sends emboli to

A

lung

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24
Q

for staph aeurus why are recurrent infections common

A

bc oral antbiiotics do not eliminate colonization of nares + skin

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25
Q

how are s. auerus and s. epidermidis different (think fermentation

A

s. auerus is a mannitol f ermenter

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26
Q

Infects prosthetic devices (hip implant, heart valve) and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms

A

Staph epidermidis

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27
Q

most common cause of endocartitis in pt’s w prostehetic valves and also septic arthrisit in pt’s with prostehteic joints

A

staph epidermidis

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28
Q

Staph epidermidis is in the nnormal flora of the

A

skin

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29
Q

once introduced into body, foreign bodies become coated w layer of host proteins, including fibrinogen and fibronectin. serve as binding site for

A

s. epidermidis

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30
Q

after attachment of s. epidermidis occurs; bacteria multiply and communicate to induce syntehsis of

A

extracellular polysaccharide matrix

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31
Q

biofilm does what

A

barrier to antiboitioc penetration and host defenses

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32
Q

infects foreign bodies * ; contaminates blood cultures

A

s. epidermidids

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33
Q

ventriculoperitoneal shutns

A

s. epidermidis (also is ureas +, cocci in clusters

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34
Q

what is MRSA

A

methicillin resistant S . auerus: impto cause of serious nosocomial and community acquired infectiosn

35
Q

why are MRSA resistant to methicillin and nafcillin

A

because of altered penicillin binding protien

36
Q

all staph are cocci in clusters

A

true

37
Q

S. saprophyticus. is in the normal flora of

A

female genital tract and perineum

38
Q

2nd most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women

A

S. saprophyticus (urease +)

39
Q

gram + lancet shaped diplococci in pairs

A

strep pneumoniae

40
Q

MOBS: strep pneumonia most common cause

A

meningitis
otitis media (in children)
bacterial pneumonia
sinusitis

41
Q

most common cause of community acquired pneumonia in both HIV infected and HIV uninfected individulas

A

s. pneumoniae

42
Q

what are virulence factors for strep pneumoniae

A

adhesins (adhesion to epithelial cells)
pneumolysin (cytotoxin that causes pores in cell membranes and cell lysis
IgA protease
encapsulated

43
Q

describe strep capsule

A

thick polysaccharide: encases organisms and prevent phagocytosis + complement binding

44
Q

pneumococcus associated with

A

rusty sputum, sepsis in pt’s w sickle cell disease, asplenic pt’s

45
Q

is there a pneumococcal vaccine

A

yes; against capsule

46
Q

quellung reaction is

A

S. pneumonia capsule swells and appears as halo around blue srand bacterial cells when anti capuslar antiboides and methylene blue dye are added

47
Q

normal flora of oropharynx

A

Viridans group streptococci

48
Q

Viridans includes

A

Strep mutans, S. mitis. S. sanguinis

49
Q

which viridans cause dental caries

A

strep mutans and mitis

50
Q

subacute bacterial endocaritis at damaged heart valves

A

S. sanguinis

51
Q

what do s. sanguinis makes: these bind to fibrin platelet aggregates on damaged heart valves

A

dextrans

52
Q

insoulble extracellular polysaccharides that use sucrose as substrate that adhere to

A

dextrans adhere to both enameland fibrin platelt aggregates

53
Q

n. meningitiids colonizes the

A

nasopharynx.; goes through bloodstream

54
Q

pyogenic- pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo (honey crusted lesions, erysipelas

A

strep pyogenes

55
Q

toxigenic: scarlet fever, TSST, necrotizing fasciitis

A

strep pyogenesi

56
Q

strep pyogenic immunolicagl cause

A

rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis (PSGN)

57
Q

which s. pyogenes capule inhibits phagocytosis

A

hyaluronic acid capsule

58
Q

antbiodies to M protine enhance host defenses against S. pyogenes butc ccan vgive rise to

A

can give rise to rheumatic fever

59
Q

you see acute rheumatic fever after GAS pharynigits or GAS skin infection

A

GAS pharyngitis

you see glomerulonephritis after GAS skin infection

60
Q

what does s. pyogenes bind to

A

factor H: prevents opsoniziation

61
Q

pyrogenic extoxin acts as a

A

superantigen; inducing fever and shock; assoc w scarlet fever; strep tTSS

62
Q

M protein is an alpha helicalc coiled coli protein that shares structural homology w

A

other coiled protiens such as tropomyosin and myosin

63
Q

antigen mimicry

A

antibodies against M protein in cuate infection may cross recat with epiptopes of mysoni ion heart = rheumatic carditis

64
Q

blanching, sandpaper like body rash, strawberry tongue, circumoral pallor

A

scarlet fever: erythrogenic toxin +

65
Q

you see ASO titer or anti dNase B antibodies in

A

recent S. pyogenes infection

66
Q

Group B strep is for

A

BaBIES

67
Q

group b strep (strep agalactiase) causes what in babies

A

pnuemona, sepsis, meningits

68
Q

produces CAMP factor

A

strep agalactiase

69
Q

purpose of CAMP factor

A

enlarges area of hemolysis for s. auerus

70
Q

universal screening of pregnant women at 35-37 weeks for what

A

strep agalactiae

71
Q

if you have a + culture during prennacy receive

A

intrapartum penicllin (or ampicilin) prophylaxis

72
Q

is there a vaccine to strep agalacitae

A

NO

73
Q

THIS COLONIZES THE GUT

A

S. bovis

74
Q

S. gallolyticus (s. bovis type I) can cause

A

bacteremia and subacute endocarditis

75
Q

colon cancer

A

s bovis

76
Q

why is s. bovis endocardiits unique

A

no preexisting valuvlar abnomralite

77
Q

what differenteiates non enteroccoucs and neteroccocus

A

enteroccous is PYR +

78
Q

PYR stands for

A

pyrrolidonyl arylamidase

79
Q

normal colonic flora that are penicllin G resistant

A

Enterococci

80
Q

cause UTi, biliary tract infections, subactue endocarditis (following GI/GU procedures)

A

enterocci

81
Q

variable hemolyssi

A

enterococci

82
Q

what is VRE

A

vancomycin resistant enteroccoi: impt cause of noscomial infection

83
Q

think of a recently undergone cystocopy or colonsocpy: endocarditis

A

enterocci (e. faecalis, and E. faecium

Microbiology (13 decks)

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