nematode

Question 1

nematode route of infection

ingested

Answer 1

ingested: enterobious, ascaris, toxocara, trichinella

Question 2

You’ll get sick if you EATT these

Answer 2

enterobious
ascaris
toxocara
trichinella

Question 3

Cutaneous nematode route of infection

Answer 3

strongyloides
ancylostoma
necator

Question 4

These get into your feet from the SANd

Answer 4

Cutaneous nematode infection
strongyloides
ancylostoma
necator

Question 5

Bites nematode routes of infection

Answer 5

Loa loa
ONchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 6

Lay LOW to avoid getting bitten

Answer 6

Loa loa
onchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 7

how does immune respone to helmints include

Answer 7

eosinophils

Question 8

what type of hypersentiivity reaction in response to helmnitsh

Answer 8

eosinophils act by type I and Type II hypersentivity

Question 9

neutraliziation of histamine and leukotries in response to helminths

Answer 9

Type I HSR

Question 10

eosinophisl attach to surface of helminths via IgE and release cytotoxins (major basic protein) contained in granules

Answer 10

Type 2 HSR

Question 11

cauess anal pruritius (diagnosed by seeing egg via tape test on perianal region

Answer 11

enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Question 12

perianal itching

Answer 12

enterobius

Question 13

transmission of enterobious

Answer 13

fecal oral

Question 14

treatment of enterobious

Answer 14

pyrantel pamoate

bendazoles (albendazole=1st line)

Question 15

obstruction at ileocela valve, biliary obstruction, intetisnal perforatino, migrates from nose/mouth

Answer 15

ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

Question 16

fecal oral transmission; knobby coated oval eggs seen in feces under microscope

Answer 16

ascaris lumbricoides

Question 17

vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain (may mimic peptic ulcer)

Answer 17

strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

Question 18

larva currens seen in

Answer 18

strongyloides

Question 19

what is larva currens

Answer 19

pruritic, erythemaouts linear streaks on thigh + buttocks

Question 20

larvae in soil penetrate skin; rhabditiform larvae seen in feces under microscope

Answer 20

strongyloides

Question 21

treatment for strongyloides

Answer 21

ivermectin

bendazoles

Question 22

intestinal biopsy of strongyloides

Answer 22

eggs and adult parasites

Question 23

SE asia: tropical and warm temperate regions

Answer 23

strongyloides

Question 24

anemia by sucking blood from intestinal wall

Answer 24

ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus (hookworms

Question 25

Cutaneous larva migrans

Answer 25

pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on contaminated beach

Question 26

larvae penetrate skin

Answer 26

ancylostoma

Question 27

walking barefoot on contaminted beach

Answer 27

cutaenous larva migrans

Question 28

larvae enter bloodstream, encyst in striated muscle -> muscle inflimmation

Answer 28

trichinella spiralis

Question 29

fever vomiting nausea perioriblal edema , myalgia in trichinella spiralis

Answer 29

trichinosis

Question 30

transmission of trichinella

Answer 30

undercooked meat (esp pork)
fecal oral : less likely

Question 31

often asymptomatic; loose stools/aenmia, rectal prolapse in children (heavy infection)

Answer 31

trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

Question 32

fecal oral transmission

Answer 32

trichuris trichiura

Question 33

visceral larva migrans

Answer 33

toxocara canis

Question 34

nematodes migrate to blood through intestinal wall -> inflammation and damage

Answer 34

visceral larva migrans

Question 35

often affects heart (myocarditis), liver eyes(visual imparimetn blindness) and CNS (seizures, coma)

Answer 35

visceral larva migrans

Question 36

transmission of toxocara

Answer 36

fecal oral

Question 37

skin changes , loss of elastic fibers and river blindness (black flies, black skin nodules, black sight)

Answer 37

onchocerca volvulus

Question 38

transmission of onchocerca volvusus

Answer 38

female blackfly

Question 39

allergic reaction to microfilaria possible

Answer 39

onchocerca volvulus

Question 40

swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva

Answer 40

loa loa

Question 41

transmision of loa loa

Answer 41

deer fly, horse fly, mango fly

Question 42

elephantiasis

Answer 42

wuchereria bancrofti

Question 43

elephantiasis transmission

Answer 43

female mosquito

Question 44

anotehr name for elephantiasis

Answer 44

lympahtic filariasis

Question 45

explain elephantiasis

Answer 45

worms invade lymph nodes :> inflammtion -> lymphedema

symptom onset after 9mo-1 yr

Question 46

3 cestodes (tapeworm)

Answer 46

taenia solium
diphyllobothrium latum
echinococcus granulosus

Question 47

intestinal tapeworm; ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork

Answer 47

T. solium

Question 48

cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis

Answer 48

Taenia solium

Question 49

undercooked pork; seizures subcutaneous nodules , intramuscular calcificaitons

Answer 49

cysticercosis

Question 50

transmission of cysticercoiss and neurocysticerocis

Answer 50

ingestion of eggs in food contaminated w human feces

Question 51

vitamin B12 deficiency (tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine) -> megaolblastic anemia

Answer 51

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 52

transmission of d. latum

Answer 52

ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish

Question 53

hydatid cysts (eggshel calcifciation) in liver

Answer 53

echinococccus granulosus

Question 54

cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis

Answer 54

e. granulosus

Question 55

ingestion of eggs in food contamined with dog feces

Answer 55

echinococcus granulosus

Question 56

sheep are an intermediate host

Answer 56

echinococcus granulosus

Question 57

trematodes (flukes) include

Answer 57

Schistosoma, clonorchis sinensis

Question 58

diagnosis of neurocysticerocisis

Answer 58

seizures

cysts on CT mri, eosinophilia, increase ESR