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bacillus clost coryn list Flashcards

1
Q

Gram +, spore forming rod that produces antrhax toxin

A

bacillus antrhacis

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2
Q

the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule (contains D-glutamate)

A

bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

what does polypeptide capsule of bac antrhacis contain

A

D-glutamate

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4
Q

Bacillus antrahcis exotoxin complex includes

A

edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen

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5
Q

greatest risk factor for bacillus anthracis

A

wool

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6
Q

how is bacillus antrhacis transmissed to humans

A

spores inhaled, ingested or incoulated into skin

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7
Q

medusa head appearance

A

bacillus anthracis

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8
Q

bacillus antrhacis colonies show

A

halo of projections

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9
Q

painless papule surrounded by vesilces -> ulcer with black eschar

A

cutaneous anthrax (painless, necrotic)

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10
Q

purpose of protective antigen in bacillus

A

binds to host cell membrane receptor on macs and forms a channel that delivers lethal factor and eedema factor into cell

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11
Q

calmodulin dependendt adenylase cyclae

A

edema factor

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12
Q

zinc depedneat proteaes (mmp) that inhibits mitogen activated protien kinase singaling, causing apoptosis and multisystem physiological disruption

A

lethal factor

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13
Q

inhalation of spores: flue like symptoms that progresses to fever, pulm hemorraghe, mediastinitis, and shock

A

pulmonary antrax

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14
Q

also known as woolsorter’s disease

A

pulmonary antrax

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15
Q

mediastinitis

A

hemorraghci (visible on cxr: widened mediastinum

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16
Q

exposed to aerolized biological weapons

A

pulmonary antrax

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17
Q

Gram + rod erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes

A

Erysipeloid is an acute bacterial infection of traumatized skin and other organs. :
Erysipeloid is an occupational disease. [2, 3] Humans acquire erysipeloid after direct contact with infected animals.

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18
Q

spores formed only upon warming to 37 C, and presence of appropriate concentrations oc CO2 and protein

A

bacillus and clostridium spores

c. tetain spores: produce toxin only in anaerboic environemtns

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19
Q

bacillus cereus gram

A

gram + rod

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20
Q

spores survive cooking rice

causes food poisionin

A

bacillus cereus

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21
Q

bacillus cereus spore and heat stable enterotoxin formation caused by

A

keeping rice warm results

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22
Q

reheated rice syndrome

A

bacillus cereus

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23
Q

2 types of bacillus cereus

A

emetic type : seen w rice and pasta.

nauesa and vomiting within 1-5 hr

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24
Q

emetic type of bacillus cereus caused by

A

cereulide, a preformed toxin

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25
Q

cereulide is what type of toxin

A

preformed

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26
Q

diarrheal type of bacillus cereus

A

watery, nonbloody diarrhea, GI pain, 8-18 hr

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27
Q

C. septicum

A

spore forming, gram + bacteria. exotoxin producing

normal commensal of GI tract

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28
Q

Clostiridum septicum is a normal commensal of

A

GI tract. breakdown in GI mucosa can lead to invasion w subsequent hematogenous dissemination to healthy muscle tissue; resulting in sponatenous gas gangrene (non-traumatic–> this is unlike other clostridium which requires truma

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29
Q

non traumatic gas gangreene:

A

rapid onset msucle pain, fever, hemorrhagic bullae w sukysurround skin and tissue edema and cepetus

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30
Q

spontanoues gas gangrene triggered by underlying

A

colonic malignancy: creates portal of entry for bacteria. IBD, immunosuppressin

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31
Q

produces tetanospasmin; an exotoxin causing tetanus

32
Q

how is C. tetani diagnoised

A

CLINICAL diagnosis only

33
Q

proteases that cleave SNARE proteins for neurotransmitters

A

Tetauns toxin (and botulinum toxin)

34
Q

C. tetani blocks release of inhibitor y neurotrasnmitters

A

GABA AND glycin

35
Q

blocks release of inihbitory neurotransmitters from what cells in spinal cord

A

Renshaw cells

36
Q

C. tetain cauess what

A

spastic paraylsis, trismus (lockjaw), risus sardonicus, opisthotonos

37
Q

spasm of spinal extensors

A

opisthotonos

38
Q

explain risus sardonicus

A

raised eyebrows and open grin

39
Q

how do you prevent tetanus

A

tetanus vaccine (gives trasnplacental IgG to fetus

40
Q

neonatal tetanus caused by

A

intro of tetani spores to infant; generally from unhygenic delieries or cordcare

41
Q

neontal tetanus difficulty feeding because

A

tonic spasm of masticatory trisums; as disease progresses spasmus and hypertonicity: clenched hands, dorsiflexed feet, opisthototons

42
Q

do not give tetanus vaccination at birth

A

bc of immature neonatal immune system

43
Q

retrograde axonal transport to CNS (up LMN) to block inhibitor neurons

A

C. tetani spores

44
Q

puncture wound think

45
Q

Gram + spore forming rods Clostridia are obligate

A

anaerobic rods

46
Q

lower temps associated w inadequate sterilization due to presence of

A

spore forming bacteria (can surivve at high temps)

47
Q

the 4 D’s of botulism

A

dipolopia, dysartrhia, dysphagia, dyspnea

48
Q

descending flaccid paralysis

49
Q

inhibits Ach release at NMJ causing botulism

A

botulium heat labile toxin

50
Q

botulism enters nerve terminals through endocytes, prevents bidnidng and fusion of ach containing synatpic vesciles w plasma membbrane through destruction of SNARE proteins

51
Q

adult boutliusm:

A

ingestion of preformed toxin (canned food)

52
Q

baby botulism

A

ingestion of spores (in honey) leads to disease (floppy baby syndrome

53
Q

combo of nicotinic and muscarinic blockade

A

botulism: dipolopia, dysphagia
musc: dry mouth

54
Q

C. botuliumun causes waht when stimualting of motor nerve on emg

A

decreases Compound muscle action potential (CMAP_

55
Q

high rate, repetitive nerve stimulation does what to C. boutlinum CMAP

A

improves CMAP:

increases rate Ca2+ conc in presynaptic nerve terminal mobilized adiditonal ach vesicles

56
Q

does not increase CMAP with high rate repetitive nerve stimulation

A

myasthenia gravis

57
Q

botox can treat

A

focal dystonia, achalasia, muscle spasms. and facial wrinkles

58
Q

what produces alpha toxin

A

c. perfringens

59
Q

what is a toxin

A

lecithinase, a phospholipase)

60
Q

c. perfrignes a toxin cauess

A

myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

61
Q

lecithinase hydrolyzes lecithin in

A

in cell membranes: results in cell lysis

62
Q

fasciitis assoc with penetrationg injury by soil contaminated regions

A

gas gangrene

63
Q

C. perfiringesn spores can survive in undercooked foot; when ingested, it releases

A

heat-labile enterotoxin: causing food poisoning

64
Q

food poisioning in c. perfringens is diff than bacillus staph auers food poinsing

A

transient, watery diarrhea (delayed onset) compared to bc they have preformed toxin

65
Q

gas gangrene on radiopgrpahs

A

can be vsiualized

66
Q

2 toxins produced by C. dificle:

A

toxin A and Toxin B

67
Q

enterotoxin that binds to brush border of gut and alters fluid secretion. c. difficile

68
Q

cytotoxin that disrupts cytoskeleton via actin depolymerization c. difiicle

69
Q

Both toxin a and b lead to

A

diarrhea: pseudomembranous colitis

70
Q

C. dificle antiboitic therpay causes waht

A

clindamycin, ampicillin espeically; and fluoroquinloones
increase risk of c dificile infection as it killes intestinal microbes that noramlly keep potential pathogens in check and noramly competes for nuetrients and adhesion sites within salts

71
Q

how is c dificle diagnosed

A

diagnosed by detecting one or both toxins in stool by antigen detection or PCR

72
Q

Recruits and activates neutrophils; leading to release of cytokines that cause mucosal inflammation fluid loss , and diarrhea in c dificle

A

Toxin A of c dificle

73
Q

Both toxin A and B inactivate

A

Rho-regulation proteins

74
Q

rho regulation protein purpose

A

involved in signal transduction and actin cytoskeletal structure maintenace. as a result toxins cause disruption of intracellular tight junctions:

75
Q

actin depolymerization in toxin B causes mucosal

A

cell death ,bowel wall necrosis, pseudomembrane formation

76
Q

white yellow plaques composed of fibrin , inflammatory cells, cellular debris on colonic mucosa

A

pseudomembrane

77
Q

c. difficle causes what to colon

Microbiology (13 decks)

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