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protoozoa Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Protozoa in GI infectiosn

A

Giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, cryptosporidiu

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2
Q

bloating, flatulence, foul smeeling, fatty diarrhea: often seen in campers / hikers

A

giardiasis (can also present w watery diarrhea)
bloating, flatulence, foul smeeling, fatty diarrhea: often seen in campers / hikers: think fat rich Ghiradelli chocolates for fatty stools of giardia

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3
Q

hwo is giardia transmitted

A

cysts in water

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4
Q

drinking contaminated water, food borne or person-person spread; fecal oral

A

giardia

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5
Q

how to diangose giardia

A

multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool, antigen detection

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6
Q

treatment of giardia

A

metronidazole

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7
Q

2 forms of giardia

A

trophozoite (pathogenic stage)

cyst (infective stage)

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8
Q

bilaterally symetric pear shaped organism w multiple flagella and 2 nuclei (owl-eye appearance);

A

trophoizoite

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9
Q

cysts are what shaped

A

oval; contain up to 4 nuclei

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10
Q

small bowel biopsy of giardia

A

villous atrophy, crypt hyperlasia

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11
Q

damage intestinal villi, leads to malabsorptin due to villous blunting and decrease levels of brush border enzymes

A

giardia

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12
Q

bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain;

A

amebiasis

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13
Q

flask shaped ulcer

A

amebiasis

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14
Q

fluid filled cavity in liver in conjucntion w fever, chilld, RUQ pain

A

liver abscess in abesisas

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15
Q

transmission of entamoeba histolytica

A

cysts in water

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16
Q

non inflammmatory diarrhea: giardia ; this means

A

no fecal blood or leukocytes

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17
Q

Entamoeba Eats Erythrocytes

A

diagnosis of entabmoeab

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18
Q

enteamobea diagnosis

A

serology and/or trophozoites with englufed RBCs in cytoplasm or
cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool

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19
Q

severe diarrhea in AIDS

A

cryptosporidium

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20
Q

cryptosporidium in immunocompentent hosts

A

mild disease (watery diarrhea)

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21
Q

oocysts in fresh water is transmission of

A

cryptosporidum

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22
Q

ooctysts on acid fast stian, antigen detection

A

cryptosporidium diagnosis

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23
Q

Protozoa Cns infections

A

toxoplasma gondii,
naegleria, foleri
trypanosoma brucei

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24
Q

classic triad in congenital toxoplasmosis

A

classic triad of chorioretinits
hydrocephalus,
intracranial calcifications

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25
Q

inflammation of choroids and retina that can have cotton-like white/yellow scars in retina

A

chorioretinits

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26
Q

multiple ring enhacning lesions on MRI is caused by

A

toxoplasma gondii

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27
Q

multiple ring enhancing lesions are what

A

brain abscesses: caused by reactivation in aids

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28
Q

transmission of toxoplasma gondii

A

cysts in meat (most common)
oocysts in cat feces
crosses placeneta 9pregnant women should avoid cats

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29
Q

toxoplasmic encepahtliits

A

headache, seizures

hydrocephalus: CNS inflammation enalrged by macrocephaly + enlargemnt of ventricles

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30
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma

A

large solitary lesions
(ring enhancing lesiosn)
but diffuse large cell NHL of B cell origin; assoc w EBV

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31
Q

neonates affected w toxoplasma gondiii

A

hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, rash, multiple nerve abnormalities: seizures, altered muscle tone, ocular movement defects

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32
Q

diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii

A

serology, biopsy (tachyzoite)

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33
Q

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis: swimming in freshwater

A

naegleria fowleria

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34
Q

naegleria fowleria enteres via

A

cribiform plate

35
Q

amoebesas in spinal cord

A

diagnose naegleria fowleria

36
Q

bc n. fowleri enters via cribiform plate: you see inflammation in

A

frontal + temporal lobes

olfactor cortex: symptosm of encepahlitis; smell + taste abnormaliteis

37
Q

African sleeping sickness

A

trypanosoma brucei

38
Q

enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigeneic variation), somnolence, coma

A

African sleeping sickness

39
Q

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

2 subspecies of trypanosoma brucei

40
Q

trnasmission of trypanosoma brucei

A

tsetse fly, a painful bite

41
Q

diagnosis of trypanosoma brucei

A

trypomastigote in blood smear

42
Q

to treat tryp brucei

for blood borne disease

A

suramin

43
Q

to treat tryp brucei

for CNS penetration

A

melarsoprol

44
Q

Plasmodium species

A

P. vivax/ovale
P. falciparum
P. malariae

45
Q

how is plasmodium transmitted

A

anopheles mosquito

46
Q

plasmodium casues

A

malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly, intravascular hemolysis

47
Q

where is malaria most common

A

South Asia

48
Q

48 hr cycle for P.vivax./ovale means?

A

includes fever on first and third day; thus fevers are actually 48 hr apart

49
Q

dormant form of p.vivax/ovale

A

hypnozoite : in liver

50
Q

severe irregular fever patterns

A

P. falciparum

51
Q

parasitized RBC’s occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys , lungs

A

P. falciparum

52
Q

quartan 72 hr cycle:

A

P. malariae

53
Q

blood smear: trophozoite ring form within RBC, schizont containing merozoites

A

plasmodium

54
Q

red granules (Schuffner stippling) through RBc cytoplas seen with

A

P vivax/ovale

55
Q

to completely eradicate hyponozoites use

A

primaquine

56
Q

treat plasmodium with

A

chloroquine (for senstiive species), which blocks plasmodium heme polyemrasie
if resistant, use mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil

57
Q

if life threatinenig malria use

A

intravenous quinidine or artesunate

58
Q

fever and hemolytic anemia; predominantly in NE US

A

babesiosis

59
Q

where is babesia located

A

Northeastern usa

60
Q

flu like symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia

A

babesia

61
Q

maltese cross forms

A

intraerytrhcotyic inclusison (cross shaped) in babesia

62
Q

ring shaped erytrhocytic inclusions

A

plasmodium

63
Q

what increaseing the risk of sever disease in babesiosis

A

asplenia

64
Q

transmission of babesia

A

ixodes ticke; can coinfect with borrelia cause same tick

65
Q

asplenic pt’s are increase risk for life threatening infections with

A

encapsulated organimss (strep, pneummonia, h influenza, n. memnigiitids)

66
Q

life cycle of malaria

A
  1. organisms inoculated into human host by Anopheles mosquito,
  2. travel to liver = infect hepatocytes and replicate;
  3. lysis of infected hepatocyte releases menzoites into bloodsstream
  4. menzoites go to infect erythrocytes, and it is resultant erytrhocyte lysis that caues relapsing fever and sweating.
67
Q

latent hepatic infection in form of hyponozites=responsbiel for relapsese

A

p vivax, ovale

68
Q

severe babesia includes

A

aRds, CHF, DIC, spelinc rupture

69
Q

treat babesia

A

atovaquone + azitrhomycin

70
Q

chagas disease

A

dilated cardiomyopathy w apical atrophy,

71
Q

megacolon, mega esopaghus in South america/central america

A

chagas disease

72
Q

what is characteristic of acute stage of t. cruzi

A

unilateral periorbital swelling (romana sign): characteristic of acute stage

73
Q

transmission of t. cruzi

A

reduviid bug (kissing bug); feces, deposited in a painless bite

74
Q

trypomastigote in blood smear

A

diagnosis of tryp cruzi

75
Q

benznidazole or nifurtimox

A

treat tryp cruzi

76
Q

visceral leishmaniasis in S. Asia (kala-azar)

A

spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

77
Q

cutaneous leishmanias

A

skin ulcers

78
Q

how is leishmania donovania tranmistted

A

sandfly

79
Q

diagnosis of leishmania donovania

A

maeropahges containing amastigotes

80
Q

STI: vaginits

A

trichomonas vaginalis

81
Q

foul smelling; greenish discharge; itchign and burning;

A

vaginitis

82
Q

transmission of trichomonas vaginalis

A

sexual (cannot exist outside human bc it cannot form cysts)

83
Q

diagnosis of trichmonosas vaginalis

A

trophozoites (motile) on wet mount; strawberry cervix

Microbiology (13 decks)

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