micro Flashcards
Chlaymida cannot make their own
ATp
obligate intracellular organisms that cause mucosal infections
chlamydia
C. psittaci causes what type of pneumonia
atypical
2 forms of chlamydia
Elementary body (small dense) and reticulate body
elementary body in chlamydia is
“enfectious” and Enters cell via Endcytosis; transfomred into reticulate body
Reticulate body function
Replicates in cell by fission; Reorganizes into elementary bodies
C. trachomatis causes what
reactive arthritis (Reiter Syndrome), follicular conjunctivitis, nongonococccal uretrhits, PID
Chlamydophila pneumoniae and chlamydophila psittaci cause
atypical pnuemonia
Chlamydophila pneumoniae and chlamydophila psittaci transmiteed by
aerosol
C. trachomotis : small gram - obligate
intracellular bacteria
Treatment of chlamydia
azithromycin (favored because one-time treatment) or doxycylcine (+ceftriaxone for possible concomitant gonorrhea)
Lab diagnosis of chlamuydia
PCR, nucleic acid amplifciation test
What is seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antibody stained smear for chlamydia
Cytoplasmic inclusions (reticulate bodies)
Why can’t chlamydial cell wall cannot be seen on gram stain?
it’s cell wall lacks peptiodcyglan (due to reduced muramic acid) rendering b lactam antiboitics ineffectinve
Gram stain stains what
peptidoglycna
C. trachomatis serotyeps Types A, B, C
chronic infection, cause blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
ABC of C. trachomatis
Africa, Blindness, chronic infection
Types D-K for C. trachomatis
urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) w eosinophilia, neonatal conjunctivits (1-2 weeks after brith)
How can neonatal disease be acquired in Types D-K
during passage through infected birth canal
Types L1, L2, L3 of C. trachomatis
Lymphanogranuloma venereum
explain lymphanogranuloma venerum
small, painless ulcers on genitals which cause into swollen painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate (buboes)
what are buboes
swollen painful inguinal lumph nodes that ulcerate
buboes are seen in
C. trachomatis in L1, L2, L3
Lymphanogranuloma venereum histo
LGV lesions, mixed granulomatous and neutrophilic inflammation with intracytoplasmic chlamydial inculsino bodies in eptiehlial and inflammatory cells
Mycoplasma pneumonia: causes what type of fever
low grade fever
classic cause of atypical walking pneumoina
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
explain atypical pneumoina
insidious onset, headache, nonproductive cough, patchy or diffuse interstital infiltrate)
X ray looks a lot worse than patient in
mycoplasma pneumoniae
see high titer of cold agglutinins (igm) which can agglutinate or lyse RBC’s in
mycoplasma pneumoniae
Grown on eaton agar
mycoplasma pneumoniae
does mycopaslam pneumonai have a cell wall
no cell wall; not seen on gram stain. pleomorphic
this is a frequent outbreaks in military recruits and prisons
mycoplasma pneumonia; seen in pt’s <30
Treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae
macrolides, doxycycline, or fluoroquinolones (penicillin ineffective since mycoplasma have no cell wall)
requires cholesterol to grow
mycoplasma pneumoniae
why does myco[lasma pneumonia require cholesterol to grow
bc their cell membrane is composed of a single cholesterol rich phospholipid bilayer
how does mycoplasma pneumoia attach
attaches to resp epithelium using surface antigens (I antigen) present on plasma membranes of erythrocyte
mycopaslma is treted by drugs that inhibit
bacterial ribosomal fucntion ( target bacterial protein sytnehsi inhibitor)
diffuse intersitial pneumonia cauesd by a yeaset like fungi
pneumocystis jirovecii
how do you acquire pneumocystisc jiroveccii
inhalation; most infections are asymptomatic
cxr/ct of pneumocystis jirovecii
diffuse, bilateral ground glass opacities
how is pneumocystis jirovecci diagnosed
lung biopsy or lavage
what is seen on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue for pneumocystis jiroveicc
disc shaped yeast
several weeks of slowly worseing dyspnea and fever
pneumocystis jirovecii
in pneumocystic jirovecii you see hwat type of materal
eosinophilic foamy alveolar material
immunosuppression (AIDS) predisposes to this yeast like fungus causing diffuse interstial pneumonia
pneumocystis jirovecii
Silver stain or giemsa stain for pneuomcystis jirovecii
cystic and trophic fomrs (cup in saucer) appearance
Treatment / prophylaxis for PJP
TMP-SMX, pentamidine , dapsone (prophylaxis only), atovaquone.
Start prophylais in PJP when
Cd4 count <200 in HIV pt’s
Sporotrichosis caused by
sporothrix schenckii
dimorphic cigar shapped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia
sporotrhix schennckii
Sporothrix schenckii has rosettes of
conidia
thorn
Sporotrhix schenckii
Sporothrix schenckii causes
local pustule or ucler with nodules draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)
Treatment of sporotrhix schenikii
itraconazole or potassium iodide
biopsy of spporthrix schenickii
granuloma formation as well!
Prophylaxis of toxoplasma gondi when cd4 count
<100. tmp-sx
Prophylaxis of M. avium when cd 4 count
- azitrhomycin
aspiration Pneumonia can be caused by
lung parenchyma infection; aspiration of upper airway or stomach microbes (anaerobes)
aspiration pneumonia presents how long after aspiration event
days. with a fever, cough increase sputum. cxr infiltrate in dependent lung (RLL) ; can progress to abscess
pneumonitis is
acidic damage to alvoeli
pneumonitis caused by
lung parnechyma inflammtion; aspiration of gastric acid with direct tissue injury
pneumonitis presents
hours after aspiration event. range from no symptoms to nonproduitve cough. cxr infiltartes: one or both lower lungs
absidia in what group
mucor and rhizopus
invasive aspergillomas seen in
severely immunosuppressed pts
aspergilloma does what to old lung caviities
COLONIZES
give antiboitico prophlayxis in bordatella
true
bordetella is encapsulated
true
penicillium marneffei
opportunistic infection ; located in SE asia; think aids
prescence of candida in sputum does not indicate
disease
spore inhalation; once inside lugns turns into spherules
coccidiomyocosis
