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Microbiology > Salmonela shiglla yersinia vibrio > Flashcards

Salmonela shiglla yersinia vibrio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

invade the GI tract via M cells of Peyer patches

A

Salmonella and shigella

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2
Q

humans only reservoir

A

Salomnella typhi and Shigella

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3
Q

Salmonella Spp. (except S. typhi) reservoir

A

humans and animals

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4
Q

spread of Salmonella typhi, and spp

A

disseminate hematogenously

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5
Q

dissemination of shigella

A

Cell to Cell; no hematgenous spread

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6
Q

SALMONella typhi, spp

A

(salmon swim)

flagella

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7
Q

no flagella

A

shigella

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8
Q

Vi capsule; endotoxin

A

Salmonella typhi

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9
Q

typhoid fever: this antigen inhibits neutrophil recruitment and phagocytes; limits acute infalmmatory rupture; inhibits macs from generating ox burst to destroy bacteria; allows pathogen to undergo extensive unchecked intracellular replication and disseminate thorugh lymphatic and RES system

A

capsular antigen Vi : salmonella typhi

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10
Q

what does high Id50 mean

A

large inoculum required to infect

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11
Q

why does salmonella typhi have a high id50

A

because organism inactivated by gastric acids

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12
Q

what are the effect of antibiotics on fecal excretion for salmonella spp and typhia

A

prolongs the duration

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13
Q

immune respionse to salmonella typhi

A

primarily monocytes

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14
Q

immune response to salmonella spp

A

PMN’s in disease

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15
Q

rose spots on abdomen(trunk), constipation, abdominal pain, fever,

A

typhoid fever

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16
Q

escalating fever; assoc w relative bradycardia (pulse temp dissociation)

A

S. typhi

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17
Q

if s. typhi gains access to lymphatics ; which ones

A

mesenteric lymph nodes

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18
Q

what are symptosm you get if you disseminate thorugh RES for S. typhi

A

hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, leukopenia

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19
Q

exxtensive intraceullar replciation in MACROPHAGES

A

s. typhi

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20
Q

blunted neutrophil response of s. typhi due to

A

capuslar antigen

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21
Q

S. typhi vaccine

A

oral vaccine contains live attenuated S. typhi

IM vaccine contains Vi capsular polysaccharide

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22
Q

progression of typhoid fever

A

week 1: rising fever, bactermia, pulse temp dissociation
week 2: abdominal pain, rose spots on trunk abdomen
week3: hepatosplenomegaly; intestinal bleeding and perforation

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23
Q

which countries would you find sS. typhi vs Salmonella spp

A

S. typhi in developing countries

Salmonella spp: industrialized countries

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24
Q

transmission of S. typhi

A

fecal oral route due to ingesetion of food or water contaminated by human feces

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25
Q

how can salmonella spp spread

A

poultyry eggs, extoci pets; foodborne

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26
Q

how do gi manifestatsion differe in s. typhi, salmonella spp. and shigella

A

s. typhi : constiaption, followed by diarrhea
salmonella spp: diarhea (possibly bloody)
shigella: bloody diarrhea (bacilliary dysentery)

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27
Q

invasion of enterocytes: massive neutrophil mediated inflammtory response in lamina propria/peyer’s patches

A

salmonella ssp

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28
Q

salmonneall spp vaccine or no

A

no vaccine

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29
Q

shigella vaccine or no

A

no vaccine

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30
Q

common sources for salmonella:

A

poultyr, eggs, pets, turtles

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31
Q

does shigella have a flagella

A

NO

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32
Q

shigella endotoxin and Shiga toxin (enterotoxin). what is purpose of shiga

A

cleave nucleobase from host ribosome; thereby inhibiting host protein sytnehsis ; disables 60 s ribsoomal subunit: epithelaila cell death + diarrhea

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33
Q

why is the id50 low in shigella

A

because organism resistant to gastric acids

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34
Q

Four F’s in Shigella:

A

Fingers, Flies, Food, Feces

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35
Q

invasion of M(microfold) cells is key to pathogenticity; organisms that produce little toxin can cause disease

A

Shigella

36
Q

immune response to shigeellla

A

PMN infiltration

37
Q

S. dystenteriase, S. flexneri. S. sonnei. S boydii

Rate in order of decreaseing severity

A

S. dysenteriae
S. flexneri
S. boydii
S. sonnei

38
Q

shigella induces appoptosis of host cell and spread to adjacent cells via protrusion through host cell

A

actin polymerization

39
Q

during glucose feremantion shigella produces

A

acid (not gas like E. coli)

40
Q

effect of antibioitics on fecal excretion for shigella

A

shortens duration

41
Q

self limited watery diahrrea (gastroenteritis) caused by

A

non typhoidal salmonella

42
Q

flagellated comma shaped, oxidase + grows in alkaline media

A

vibrio cholera

43
Q

what type of coutnries is vibrio in

A

developing countires

44
Q

rice water diarrhea via enterotoxin that perminately activates Gs, increase cAMP

A

vibrio cholerae

45
Q

large inoculum; acid labile (sensitive to stomach acid)

A

vibrio cholerae

46
Q

how is vibrio cholerae transmiatted

A

via ingestion of contaminetaed water or uncooked food (raw shellfish)

47
Q

what type of diarrhea for vibrio

A

watery diarrhea

48
Q

cholera txoxin damages

A

apcial ion trasnnport. A subunit of AB exotoxin activates adenylate cyaclase: decrease salt reabsoprtion and increase trasnport of Na+ and Cl- out of gut mucosa cell

49
Q

Stool microscopy of vibrio cholera

A

no leukocytes or erytrhocytes (vibrio is a noninvasive organism)

50
Q

why do you see rice water stoool

A

flecks of mucus due to activatio nof goblet cells

51
Q

how do you treat vibiro cholerae promtptly

A

prompt oral rehydration

52
Q

those w acholorhydria that have vibrio cholerae develop disease with smaller infectious doses. why?

A

bc vibrio is very acid sensitive. (PPI will cause achlorhydria)

53
Q

how is yersiinia enterocolitica transmitted

A

pet feces (puppies), contaminated milk, or pork

54
Q

pseudoappendicits

A

yersinia

55
Q

what is pseudoappendicits

A

R ight lower abdominal pain due to mesenteric adenitis (inflammation and enlarmgent of lylmphoid tissue around appendix)and / or terminal ileiits

56
Q

you see mesenteric adenitis in children 5-14 ; no fistulas

A

can gain access to lypmhatics and proliferate in mesenteric lymph nodes

57
Q

hemocrhomatosis

A

vibrio vulnificus

58
Q

why is hemochromatosis increase risk for vibrio vulnifcius

A

dependent on free iron for growth.

thus chronic liver disease: increase risk for vibrio vulniffucsu

59
Q

increase cGMP; causes watery diarrhea and eelctrolyte loss

A

yersisnia enterocolitica

60
Q

tinea are cutaneous

A

mycoses

61
Q

dermpaophyte species includ

A

microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton

62
Q

on KOH prep with blue fungal stain you see what with deratophytes

A

branched septate hyphae

63
Q

tinea associated with

A

pruritus

64
Q

occurs on head, scalp; assoc w lymphadenopathy alopecia scaling

A

tinea capitis

65
Q

treat tinea capitis with

A

terbinafine

66
Q

torso; characterized by erythemaouts scaling rings (“ringworm”) and cnetral clearig;

A

tinea corporis

67
Q

tinea corporis can be acquired from contact w infected

A

cat or dog

68
Q

occcurs in inguinal area; does not show central clearing seen in tinea corporis

A

tinea cruris

69
Q

3 varietis of tinea pedis

A

interdigital : most common
moccasin distribution
vesicular type

70
Q

onychomycois; occurs on nails

A

tinea unguium

71
Q

malassezia spp (pityrosporum spp)

A

tinea (pityriasis versicolor)

72
Q

yeast like fungus (not a dermatophyte despite being called tinea)

A

tinea versicolor

73
Q

degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, and or pink patches

A

tinea vesicolor

74
Q

Tinea versicolor is less or more pruiritic than dermatophytes

A

less pruritic

75
Q

more common in summer (hot humid weather): which tinea

A

tinea versicolor

76
Q

spaghetti and meatballs apperacne on microscopy:

A

tinea versicolor

77
Q

numerous leukocytes but no organisms

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

78
Q

cathether which fungi

A

candida

79
Q

damages intestinal villi; villous atrophy

A

rotavirus and Giardia

80
Q

manyafrican species are chloroquine resistant so use

A

atovaquone-proguanil or atemisinins

81
Q

prophylaxis for meningococcemia

A

rifampin

82
Q

staph auerus protein A is found on

A

outer peptidoglycan layer

83
Q

Aeromonas (bacteiral organism ) and vibrio vulnficus

A

cellulitiis related to freshwater or seawater exposures

84
Q

isospora belli

A

watery diarrhe in pt’s w HIV

85
Q

most common cause of gram - sepsis

A

e coli

Microbiology (13 decks)

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