Salmonela shiglla yersinia vibrio Flashcards
invade the GI tract via M cells of Peyer patches
Salmonella and shigella
humans only reservoir
Salomnella typhi and Shigella
Salmonella Spp. (except S. typhi) reservoir
humans and animals
spread of Salmonella typhi, and spp
disseminate hematogenously
dissemination of shigella
Cell to Cell; no hematgenous spread
SALMONella typhi, spp
(salmon swim)
flagella
no flagella
shigella
Vi capsule; endotoxin
Salmonella typhi
typhoid fever: this antigen inhibits neutrophil recruitment and phagocytes; limits acute infalmmatory rupture; inhibits macs from generating ox burst to destroy bacteria; allows pathogen to undergo extensive unchecked intracellular replication and disseminate thorugh lymphatic and RES system
capsular antigen Vi : salmonella typhi
what does high Id50 mean
large inoculum required to infect
why does salmonella typhi have a high id50
because organism inactivated by gastric acids
what are the effect of antibiotics on fecal excretion for salmonella spp and typhia
prolongs the duration
immune respionse to salmonella typhi
primarily monocytes
immune response to salmonella spp
PMN’s in disease
rose spots on abdomen(trunk), constipation, abdominal pain, fever,
typhoid fever
escalating fever; assoc w relative bradycardia (pulse temp dissociation)
S. typhi
if s. typhi gains access to lymphatics ; which ones
mesenteric lymph nodes
what are symptosm you get if you disseminate thorugh RES for S. typhi
hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, leukopenia
exxtensive intraceullar replciation in MACROPHAGES
s. typhi
blunted neutrophil response of s. typhi due to
capuslar antigen
S. typhi vaccine
oral vaccine contains live attenuated S. typhi
IM vaccine contains Vi capsular polysaccharide
progression of typhoid fever
week 1: rising fever, bactermia, pulse temp dissociation
week 2: abdominal pain, rose spots on trunk abdomen
week3: hepatosplenomegaly; intestinal bleeding and perforation
which countries would you find sS. typhi vs Salmonella spp
S. typhi in developing countries
Salmonella spp: industrialized countries
transmission of S. typhi
fecal oral route due to ingesetion of food or water contaminated by human feces
how can salmonella spp spread
poultyry eggs, extoci pets; foodborne
how do gi manifestatsion differe in s. typhi, salmonella spp. and shigella
s. typhi : constiaption, followed by diarrhea
salmonella spp: diarhea (possibly bloody)
shigella: bloody diarrhea (bacilliary dysentery)
invasion of enterocytes: massive neutrophil mediated inflammtory response in lamina propria/peyer’s patches
salmonella ssp
salmonneall spp vaccine or no
no vaccine
shigella vaccine or no
no vaccine
common sources for salmonella:
poultyr, eggs, pets, turtles
does shigella have a flagella
NO
shigella endotoxin and Shiga toxin (enterotoxin). what is purpose of shiga
cleave nucleobase from host ribosome; thereby inhibiting host protein sytnehsis ; disables 60 s ribsoomal subunit: epithelaila cell death + diarrhea
why is the id50 low in shigella
because organism resistant to gastric acids
Four F’s in Shigella:
Fingers, Flies, Food, Feces
invasion of M(microfold) cells is key to pathogenticity; organisms that produce little toxin can cause disease
Shigella
immune response to shigeellla
PMN infiltration
S. dystenteriase, S. flexneri. S. sonnei. S boydii
Rate in order of decreaseing severity
S. dysenteriae
S. flexneri
S. boydii
S. sonnei
shigella induces appoptosis of host cell and spread to adjacent cells via protrusion through host cell
actin polymerization
during glucose feremantion shigella produces
acid (not gas like E. coli)
effect of antibioitics on fecal excretion for shigella
shortens duration
self limited watery diahrrea (gastroenteritis) caused by
non typhoidal salmonella
flagellated comma shaped, oxidase + grows in alkaline media
vibrio cholera
what type of coutnries is vibrio in
developing countires
rice water diarrhea via enterotoxin that perminately activates Gs, increase cAMP
vibrio cholerae
large inoculum; acid labile (sensitive to stomach acid)
vibrio cholerae
how is vibrio cholerae transmiatted
via ingestion of contaminetaed water or uncooked food (raw shellfish)
what type of diarrhea for vibrio
watery diarrhea
cholera txoxin damages
apcial ion trasnnport. A subunit of AB exotoxin activates adenylate cyaclase: decrease salt reabsoprtion and increase trasnport of Na+ and Cl- out of gut mucosa cell
Stool microscopy of vibrio cholera
no leukocytes or erytrhocytes (vibrio is a noninvasive organism)
why do you see rice water stoool
flecks of mucus due to activatio nof goblet cells
how do you treat vibiro cholerae promtptly
prompt oral rehydration
those w acholorhydria that have vibrio cholerae develop disease with smaller infectious doses. why?
bc vibrio is very acid sensitive. (PPI will cause achlorhydria)
how is yersiinia enterocolitica transmitted
pet feces (puppies), contaminated milk, or pork
pseudoappendicits
yersinia
what is pseudoappendicits
R ight lower abdominal pain due to mesenteric adenitis (inflammation and enlarmgent of lylmphoid tissue around appendix)and / or terminal ileiits
you see mesenteric adenitis in children 5-14 ; no fistulas
can gain access to lypmhatics and proliferate in mesenteric lymph nodes
hemocrhomatosis
vibrio vulnificus
why is hemochromatosis increase risk for vibrio vulnifcius
dependent on free iron for growth.
thus chronic liver disease: increase risk for vibrio vulniffucsu
increase cGMP; causes watery diarrhea and eelctrolyte loss
yersisnia enterocolitica
tinea are cutaneous
mycoses
dermpaophyte species includ
microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton
on KOH prep with blue fungal stain you see what with deratophytes
branched septate hyphae
tinea associated with
pruritus
occurs on head, scalp; assoc w lymphadenopathy alopecia scaling
tinea capitis
treat tinea capitis with
terbinafine
torso; characterized by erythemaouts scaling rings (“ringworm”) and cnetral clearig;
tinea corporis
tinea corporis can be acquired from contact w infected
cat or dog
occcurs in inguinal area; does not show central clearing seen in tinea corporis
tinea cruris
3 varietis of tinea pedis
interdigital : most common
moccasin distribution
vesicular type
onychomycois; occurs on nails
tinea unguium
malassezia spp (pityrosporum spp)
tinea (pityriasis versicolor)
yeast like fungus (not a dermatophyte despite being called tinea)
tinea versicolor
degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, and or pink patches
tinea vesicolor
Tinea versicolor is less or more pruiritic than dermatophytes
less pruritic
more common in summer (hot humid weather): which tinea
tinea versicolor
spaghetti and meatballs apperacne on microscopy:
tinea versicolor
numerous leukocytes but no organisms
mycoplasma pneumoniae
cathether which fungi
candida
damages intestinal villi; villous atrophy
rotavirus and Giardia
manyafrican species are chloroquine resistant so use
atovaquone-proguanil or atemisinins
prophylaxis for meningococcemia
rifampin
staph auerus protein A is found on
outer peptidoglycan layer
Aeromonas (bacteiral organism ) and vibrio vulnficus
cellulitiis related to freshwater or seawater exposures
isospora belli
watery diarrhe in pt’s w HIV
most common cause of gram - sepsis
e coli
