Salmonela shiglla yersinia vibrio

Question 1

invade the GI tract via M cells of Peyer patches

Answer 1

Salmonella and shigella

Question 2

humans only reservoir

Answer 2

Salomnella typhi and Shigella

Question 3

Salmonella Spp. (except S. typhi) reservoir

Answer 3

humans and animals

Question 4

spread of Salmonella typhi, and spp

Answer 4

disseminate hematogenously

Question 5

dissemination of shigella

Answer 5

Cell to Cell; no hematgenous spread

Question 6

SALMONella typhi, spp

Answer 6

(salmon swim)

flagella

Question 7

no flagella

Answer 7

shigella

Question 8

Vi capsule; endotoxin

Answer 8

Salmonella typhi

Question 9

typhoid fever: this antigen inhibits neutrophil recruitment and phagocytes; limits acute infalmmatory rupture; inhibits macs from generating ox burst to destroy bacteria; allows pathogen to undergo extensive unchecked intracellular replication and disseminate thorugh lymphatic and RES system

Answer 9

capsular antigen Vi : salmonella typhi

Question 10

what does high Id50 mean

Answer 10

large inoculum required to infect

Question 11

why does salmonella typhi have a high id50

Answer 11

because organism inactivated by gastric acids

Question 12

what are the effect of antibiotics on fecal excretion for salmonella spp and typhia

Answer 12

prolongs the duration

Question 13

immune respionse to salmonella typhi

Answer 13

primarily monocytes

Question 14

immune response to salmonella spp

Answer 14

PMN’s in disease

Question 15

rose spots on abdomen(trunk), constipation, abdominal pain, fever,

Answer 15

typhoid fever

Question 16

escalating fever; assoc w relative bradycardia (pulse temp dissociation)

Answer 16

S. typhi

Question 17

if s. typhi gains access to lymphatics ; which ones

Answer 17

mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 18

what are symptosm you get if you disseminate thorugh RES for S. typhi

Answer 18

hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, leukopenia

Question 19

exxtensive intraceullar replciation in MACROPHAGES

Answer 19

s. typhi

Question 20

blunted neutrophil response of s. typhi due to

Answer 20

capuslar antigen

Question 21

S. typhi vaccine

Answer 21

oral vaccine contains live attenuated S. typhi

IM vaccine contains Vi capsular polysaccharide

Question 22

progression of typhoid fever

Answer 22

week 1: rising fever, bactermia, pulse temp dissociation
week 2: abdominal pain, rose spots on trunk abdomen
week3: hepatosplenomegaly; intestinal bleeding and perforation

Question 23

which countries would you find sS. typhi vs Salmonella spp

Answer 23

S. typhi in developing countries

Salmonella spp: industrialized countries

Question 24

transmission of S. typhi

Answer 24

fecal oral route due to ingesetion of food or water contaminated by human feces

Question 25

how can salmonella spp spread

Answer 25

poultyry eggs, extoci pets; foodborne

Question 26

how do gi manifestatsion differe in s. typhi, salmonella spp. and shigella

Answer 26

s. typhi : constiaption, followed by diarrhea salmonella spp: diarhea (possibly bloody) shigella: bloody diarrhea (bacilliary dysentery)

Question 27

invasion of enterocytes: massive neutrophil mediated inflammtory response in lamina propria/peyer's patches

Answer 27

salmonella ssp

Question 28

salmonneall spp vaccine or no

Answer 28

no vaccine

Question 29

shigella vaccine or no

Answer 29

no vaccine

Question 30

common sources for salmonella:

Answer 30

poultyr, eggs, pets, turtles

Question 31

does shigella have a flagella

Answer 31

NO

Question 32

shigella endotoxin and Shiga toxin (enterotoxin). what is purpose of shiga

Answer 32

cleave nucleobase from host ribosome; thereby inhibiting host protein sytnehsis ; disables 60 s ribsoomal subunit: epithelaila cell death + diarrhea

Question 33

why is the id50 low in shigella

Answer 33

because organism resistant to gastric acids

Question 34

Four F's in Shigella:

Answer 34

Fingers, Flies, Food, Feces

Question 35

invasion of M(microfold) cells is key to pathogenticity; organisms that produce little toxin can cause disease

Answer 35

Shigella

Question 36

immune response to shigeellla

Answer 36

PMN infiltration

Question 37

S. dystenteriase, S. flexneri. S. sonnei. S boydii | Rate in order of decreaseing severity

Answer 37

S. dysenteriae S. flexneri S. boydii S. sonnei

Question 38

shigella induces appoptosis of host cell and spread to adjacent cells via protrusion through host cell

Answer 38

actin polymerization

Question 39

during glucose feremantion shigella produces

Answer 39

acid (not gas like E. coli)

Question 40

effect of antibioitics on fecal excretion for shigella

Answer 40

shortens duration

Question 41

self limited watery diahrrea (gastroenteritis) caused by

Answer 41

non typhoidal salmonella

Question 42

flagellated comma shaped, oxidase + grows in alkaline media

Answer 42

vibrio cholera

Question 43

what type of coutnries is vibrio in

Answer 43

developing countires

Question 44

rice water diarrhea via enterotoxin that perminately activates Gs, increase cAMP

Answer 44

vibrio cholerae

Question 45

large inoculum; acid labile (sensitive to stomach acid)

Answer 45

vibrio cholerae

Question 46

how is vibrio cholerae transmiatted

Answer 46

via ingestion of contaminetaed water or uncooked food (raw shellfish)

Question 47

what type of diarrhea for vibrio

Answer 47

watery diarrhea

Question 48

cholera txoxin damages

Answer 48

apcial ion trasnnport. A subunit of AB exotoxin activates adenylate cyaclase: decrease salt reabsoprtion and increase trasnport of Na+ and Cl- out of gut mucosa cell

Question 49

Stool microscopy of vibrio cholera

Answer 49

no leukocytes or erytrhocytes (vibrio is a noninvasive organism)

Question 50

why do you see rice water stoool

Answer 50

flecks of mucus due to activatio nof goblet cells

Question 51

how do you treat vibiro cholerae promtptly

Answer 51

prompt oral rehydration

Question 52

those w acholorhydria that have vibrio cholerae develop disease with smaller infectious doses. why?

Answer 52

bc vibrio is very acid sensitive. (PPI will cause achlorhydria)

Question 53

how is yersiinia enterocolitica transmitted

Answer 53

pet feces (puppies), contaminated milk, or pork

Question 54

pseudoappendicits

Answer 54

yersinia

Question 55

what is pseudoappendicits

Answer 55

R ight lower abdominal pain due to mesenteric adenitis (inflammation and enlarmgent of lylmphoid tissue around appendix)and / or terminal ileiits

Question 56

you see mesenteric adenitis in children 5-14 ; no fistulas

Answer 56

can gain access to lypmhatics and proliferate in mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 57

hemocrhomatosis

Answer 57

vibrio vulnificus

Question 58

why is hemochromatosis increase risk for vibrio vulnifcius

Answer 58

dependent on free iron for growth. | thus chronic liver disease: increase risk for vibrio vulniffucsu

Question 59

increase cGMP; causes watery diarrhea and eelctrolyte loss

Answer 59

yersisnia enterocolitica

Question 60

tinea are cutaneous

Answer 60

mycoses

Question 61

dermpaophyte species includ

Answer 61

microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton

Question 62

on KOH prep with blue fungal stain you see what with deratophytes

Answer 62

branched septate hyphae

Question 63

tinea associated with

Answer 63

pruritus

Question 64

occurs on head, scalp; assoc w lymphadenopathy alopecia scaling

Answer 64

tinea capitis

Question 65

treat tinea capitis with

Answer 65

terbinafine

Question 66

torso; characterized by erythemaouts scaling rings ("ringworm") and cnetral clearig;

Answer 66

tinea corporis

Question 67

tinea corporis can be acquired from contact w infected

Answer 67

cat or dog

Question 68

occcurs in inguinal area; does not show central clearing seen in tinea corporis

Answer 68

tinea cruris

Question 69

3 varietis of tinea pedis

Answer 69

interdigital : most common moccasin distribution vesicular type

Question 70

onychomycois; occurs on nails

Answer 70

tinea unguium

Question 71

malassezia spp (pityrosporum spp)

Answer 71

tinea (pityriasis versicolor)

Question 72

yeast like fungus (not a dermatophyte despite being called tinea)

Answer 72

tinea versicolor

Question 73

degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, and or pink patches

Answer 73

tinea vesicolor

Question 74

Tinea versicolor is less or more pruiritic than dermatophytes

Answer 74

less pruritic

Question 75

more common in summer (hot humid weather): which tinea

Answer 75

tinea versicolor

Question 76

spaghetti and meatballs apperacne on microscopy:

Answer 76

tinea versicolor

Question 77

numerous leukocytes but no organisms

Answer 77

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 78

cathether which fungi

Answer 78

candida

Question 79

damages intestinal villi; villous atrophy

Answer 79

rotavirus and Giardia

Question 80

manyafrican species are chloroquine resistant so use

Answer 80

atovaquone-proguanil or atemisinins

Question 81

prophylaxis for meningococcemia

Answer 81

rifampin

Question 82

staph auerus protein A is found on

Answer 82

outer peptidoglycan layer

Question 83

Aeromonas (bacteiral organism ) and vibrio vulnficus

Answer 83

cellulitiis related to freshwater or seawater exposures

Question 84

isospora belli

Answer 84

watery diarrhe in pt's w HIV

Question 85

most common cause of gram - sepsis

Answer 85

e coli