stalking Flashcards
stalking is motivated by… and most often…
diverse factors, most often arises out of intimate relationships.
state unwanted communication and unwanted contacts.
- calls, letters, emails, social network
- loitering near victim/ where they live or work, spying on victim
define erotomania.
delusional disorder, symtoms persist for at least one month, no evidence of psychotic disorder.
state the differences in legal jurisdictions.
US legislation: requires fear of physical injury or death.
UK: requires a minimum of two acts of harassment .
Australian: includes the word ‘intends’ in aspects of the definition.
list public attitudes that justify and normalise stalking .
- stalking is not serious
- stalking is romantic
- victims are to blame
state the clinical definition of stalking.
- repeated attempts to impose unwanted communications and/or contacts on another in a manner that could be expected to cause distress and/or fear in any reasonable person.
name the prevalence of stalking behaviour in the UK.
up to 1 in 5 citizens experience some form of stalking behaviour, approx 5 million experience stalking in one year, 25% increase in stalking charges in 2014.
state MI linked to stalking.
- psychosis
- depression
- PD
what MI is the most common seen in stalking of the royal family?
- psychosis
the longer the stalking persists, and the more intrusive it is, the greater likelihood that…
a mental disorder is contributing to the behaviour.
state ways to reduce risks of stalking .
- identify factors that are casually related to the heightened risk state.
- identify which of these factors can be changed to reduce risk.
state the stalking risk profiles.
- violence
- persistence
- re-occurnece
- psychological damage.
state the five typology categories.
- rejected
- resentful
- intimacy seekers
- incompetent suitor
- predatory
state the context and initial motivation of the rejected type.
breakdown of relationship, attempting reconciliation or revenge.
state the victim and sustained motivation of the resentful type.
attract stalkers hostility by their own actions or representative of an oppressing group, sense power and control from harassing victim.
state the context and victim of the intimacy seeker type.
loneliness and lack of love, stranger or acquaintance.
state the motivation and sustained motivation of the incompetent suitor type.
establish contact in hope of friendship or sexual relationship, delusional relationship substitutes real relationships.
state the victim and sustained motivation of the predatory type.
stangers who attracted their lust, pleasure obtained from: rehearsing attack, sense of power over victim.
treatment involves advocating…
a multi-disciplinary team approach to clinical management of stalkers which employs a range of treatment methods to address individual specific needs as determined through assessment.
state the initial treatment of psychiatric management.
anti-psychotic medications.
state methods of interpersonal interaction.
- sense of entitlement
- managing denial and minimisation
- victim empathy
- skills deficits
- emotional regulation
- substance misuse
which type of treatment is the mainstay treatment of non-psychotic stalkers.
psychological treatment.
what type of stalker typology is often managed within sex-offender programme.
predatory.
define paraphilla.
fantasing and engaging in sexual behaviour that is atypical and extreme.
state traits and treatment of a rejected stalker.
- unwilling to accept rejection
- threat of judicial sanctions can stop beh
- therapeutic focus
- re-establising social contacts is critical
give evidence that group therapy is effective.
out of the 29 males stalkers who received group therapy, the 14 who completed it did not reoffend.
state limitations of psychodynamic therapy.
- few opportunities in correctional settings
- courts unsympathetic to give as court mandated
- many offenders lack verbal intelligence, treatment fails to focus on pro-social contingencies
- lacks therapeutic modality.
name how the best outcomes regarding recidivism are achieved.
- treatment is delivered to high-risk offenders
- addresses criminogenic dynamic risk factors
- uses CBT that take individual personal characteristics into account.
responsivity factors that frequently are encountered with stalkers include…
- anti-social attitudes, values and beliefs
- low or inflated self-esteem
- cognitive rigidity
- anger
- poor verbal skills
what effects the readiness to change during treatment?
desire, willingness, ability to change and engage
- multi-factor offender readiness model (MORM).
define mandated treatment
focus on dev of therapeutic rapport = conductive to change, stalkers involvement in establishment of specific treatment goals.
what effects the readiness to change during treatment?
desire, willingness, ability to change and engage
- multi-factor offender readiness model (MORM).
define mandated treatment
focus on dev of therapeutic rapport = conductive to change, stalkers involvement in establishment of specific treatment goals.
what constitutes cyberbullying?
- deluges of unwanted email
- ordering goods and services in the name of the victim
- posting unpleasant material about the victim
- making online threats to the victim
cyberbullying is defined as…
denigration and harassment to the extent to which the victim is worried about their safety and fears imminent danger.
state the four types of stalker.
- pure online only cyberbullying
- crossover from cyberbullying to real-life stalking
- real-life with crossover to cyberbullying
- pure real-life stalkers
true or false: stalking produces more psychological and medial effects on the victim than cyberbullying.
false - no differences.
