stalking

Question 1

stalking is motivated by… and most often…

Answer 1

diverse factors, most often arises out of intimate relationships.

Question 2

state unwanted communication and unwanted contacts.

Answer 2

• calls, letters, emails, social network

- loitering near victim/ where they live or work, spying on victim

Question 3

define erotomania.

Answer 3

delusional disorder, symtoms persist for at least one month, no evidence of psychotic disorder.

Question 4

state the differences in legal jurisdictions.

Answer 4

US legislation: requires fear of physical injury or death.
UK: requires a minimum of two acts of harassment .
Australian: includes the word ‘intends’ in aspects of the definition.

Question 5

list public attitudes that justify and normalise stalking .

Answer 5

• stalking is not serious
• stalking is romantic
• victims are to blame

Question 6

state the clinical definition of stalking.

Answer 6

• repeated attempts to impose unwanted communications and/or contacts on another in a manner that could be expected to cause distress and/or fear in any reasonable person.

Question 7

name the prevalence of stalking behaviour in the UK.

Answer 7

up to 1 in 5 citizens experience some form of stalking behaviour, approx 5 million experience stalking in one year, 25% increase in stalking charges in 2014.

Question 8

state MI linked to stalking.

Answer 8

• psychosis
• depression
• PD

Question 9

what MI is the most common seen in stalking of the royal family?

Answer 9

• psychosis

Question 10

the longer the stalking persists, and the more intrusive it is, the greater likelihood that…

Answer 10

a mental disorder is contributing to the behaviour.

Question 11

state ways to reduce risks of stalking .

Answer 11

• identify factors that are casually related to the heightened risk state.
• identify which of these factors can be changed to reduce risk.

Question 12

state the stalking risk profiles.

Answer 12

• violence
• persistence
• re-occurnece
• psychological damage.

Question 13

state the five typology categories.

Answer 13

• rejected
• resentful
• intimacy seekers
• incompetent suitor
• predatory

Question 14

state the context and initial motivation of the rejected type.

Answer 14

breakdown of relationship, attempting reconciliation or revenge.

Question 15

state the victim and sustained motivation of the resentful type.

Answer 15

attract stalkers hostility by their own actions or representative of an oppressing group, sense power and control from harassing victim.

Question 16

state the context and victim of the intimacy seeker type.

Answer 16

loneliness and lack of love, stranger or acquaintance.

Question 17

state the motivation and sustained motivation of the incompetent suitor type.

Answer 17

establish contact in hope of friendship or sexual relationship, delusional relationship substitutes real relationships.

Question 18

state the victim and sustained motivation of the predatory type.

Answer 18

stangers who attracted their lust, pleasure obtained from: rehearsing attack, sense of power over victim.

Question 19

treatment involves advocating…

Answer 19

a multi-disciplinary team approach to clinical management of stalkers which employs a range of treatment methods to address individual specific needs as determined through assessment.

Question 20

state the initial treatment of psychiatric management.

Answer 20

anti-psychotic medications.

Question 21

state methods of interpersonal interaction.

Answer 21

• sense of entitlement
• managing denial and minimisation
• victim empathy
• skills deficits
• emotional regulation
• substance misuse

Question 22

which type of treatment is the mainstay treatment of non-psychotic stalkers.

Answer 22

psychological treatment.

Question 23

what type of stalker typology is often managed within sex-offender programme.

Answer 23

predatory.

Question 24

define paraphilla.

Answer 24

fantasing and engaging in sexual behaviour that is atypical and extreme.

Question 25

state traits and treatment of a rejected stalker.

Answer 25

• unwilling to accept rejection
• threat of judicial sanctions can stop beh
• therapeutic focus
• re-establising social contacts is critical

Question 26

give evidence that group therapy is effective.

Answer 26

out of the 29 males stalkers who received group therapy, the 14 who completed it did not reoffend.

Question 27

state limitations of psychodynamic therapy.

Answer 27

• few opportunities in correctional settings
• courts unsympathetic to give as court mandated
• many offenders lack verbal intelligence, treatment fails to focus on pro-social contingencies
• lacks therapeutic modality.

Question 28

name how the best outcomes regarding recidivism are achieved.

Answer 28

• treatment is delivered to high-risk offenders
• addresses criminogenic dynamic risk factors
• uses CBT that take individual personal characteristics into account.

Question 29

responsivity factors that frequently are encountered with stalkers include…

Answer 29

• anti-social attitudes, values and beliefs
• low or inflated self-esteem
• cognitive rigidity
• anger
• poor verbal skills

Question 30

what effects the readiness to change during treatment?

Answer 30

desire, willingness, ability to change and engage

- multi-factor offender readiness model (MORM).

Question 31

define mandated treatment

Answer 31

focus on dev of therapeutic rapport = conductive to change, stalkers involvement in establishment of specific treatment goals.

Question 32

what effects the readiness to change during treatment?

Answer 32

desire, willingness, ability to change and engage

- multi-factor offender readiness model (MORM).

Question 33

define mandated treatment

Answer 33

focus on dev of therapeutic rapport = conductive to change, stalkers involvement in establishment of specific treatment goals.

Question 34

what constitutes cyberbullying?

Answer 34

• deluges of unwanted email
• ordering goods and services in the name of the victim
• posting unpleasant material about the victim
• making online threats to the victim

Question 35

cyberbullying is defined as…

Answer 35

denigration and harassment to the extent to which the victim is worried about their safety and fears imminent danger.

Question 36

state the four types of stalker.

Answer 36

• pure online only cyberbullying
• crossover from cyberbullying to real-life stalking
• real-life with crossover to cyberbullying
• pure real-life stalkers

Question 37

true or false: stalking produces more psychological and medial effects on the victim than cyberbullying.

Answer 37

false - no differences.