profiling and suspect and witness interviewing

Question 1

state benefits of profiling.

Answer 1

• greater understanding of the case.

- reinforce judgements about the offender.

Question 2

state problems of profiling.

Answer 2

based on the classic trait model of personality

• but are criminals born or made
• can contain ambiguous advice that can be interpreted to fit a number of suspects.

Question 3

describe the raid technique.

Answer 3

• direct confrontation
• minimisation
• maximisation
• discourage suspect from denying guilt
• reinforce sincerity to ensure suspect is receptive
• suspect may cry so infer guilt
• give two ‘guilt’ choices, one more socially acceptable.

Question 4

what can police do to increase likelihood of confession?

Answer 4

• compassion
• non-aggressive
• present strong evidence

Question 5

true or false: all police challenge suspects

Answer 5

false - study found that only two thirds challenged suspects

Question 6

define PEACE technique

Answer 6

Preparation and planning 
Engage and explain 
Account, clarification, challenge 
Closure 
Evaluation

Question 7

is it more beneficial to present evidence to suspect that they were witnessed at scene of the crime earlier or later in the interview?

Answer 7

later - 85% accuracy.

Question 8

state cue types and examples of each.

Answer 8

• behavioural = verbal/ non verbal
• physiological = polygraph
• evidential = interrogations, rapport, PEACE.

Question 9

define cognitive controlled engagement CCE.

Answer 9

controlled - screener controls conservation
cognitive - screener decision-making skills
engagement - enhanced customer service

Question 10

state stages in CCE.

Answer 10

stage one - baselining
stage two - information gathering
stage three - veracity testing

Question 11

give evidence that CCE is a better method than the current method.

Answer 11

CCE = 63% accuracy , current method = 3% accuracy

Question 12

state issues of witness interviewing.

Answer 12

• concerns apply to witnesses and victims
• human memory is fallible
• time makes things worse
• vulnerable groups

Question 13

state the phases of the cognitive interview.

Answer 13

• rapport
• explain aims
• free recall
• questioning
• retrieval
• important questions
• closure

Question 14

state the techniques of the cognitive interview

Answer 14

• report everything
• mental reinstatements of context
• reverse temporal order
• change perspective

Question 15

state the theories of comparing mnemonics.

Answer 15

reducing negative impacts of scripts VS temporal clustering central to context maintenance and retrieval.

Question 16

which was better for recalling valid items: free recall or change of temporal order?

Answer 16

free recall.