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yr2 - forensic analysis and investigation > crime, mental disorder and personality disorder > Flashcards

crime, mental disorder and personality disorder Flashcards

1
Q

state the four legal categories of the mental health act 1983.

A

mental illness, psychopathic disorder, mental impairment, severe.

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2
Q

what percentage of the US experience diagnosable MI in their lifetime due to the broadening classifications?

A

46%

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3
Q

name the difference between actus resus and mens Rea.

A

actus resus is when criminals intend whereas mens Rea is a state of mind and it is questioned whether they intended.

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4
Q

a mentally disordered offender is a person defined as:

A
  • has a disability of the mind

- has committed a criminal offence

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5
Q

how many mentally disordered offenders are there in the UK?

A

approx 7913.

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6
Q

state Lombrossos history of criminology.

A
  • born criminal
  • retarded criminal
  • criminal by passion
  • criminal by intoxication
  • occasional criminal
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7
Q

name a factor that has a stronger link to criminality.

A

substance abuse.

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8
Q

what percentage of schizophrenics have a prevalence in homicide?

A

5%.

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9
Q

name the common crimes of mentally ill.

A
  • arson - assault - homicidal attempts
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10
Q

describe the difference between early and late starters.

A

early starters have a consistent history of anti-social behaviour and show anti-social behaviour when acutely unwell, whereas late starters offending begins at approximately the same time as the onset of their symptoms.

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11
Q

state confounding factors to criminality/ MI.

A
  • substance abuse
  • socio-ecomonic status
  • classification process
  • prejudice
  • family with criminal history.
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12
Q

true or false: people who have a mental disorder are more likely to be the perpetrator of violence than the victim.

A

false - more likely to be the victim.

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13
Q

…% of men and …% of woman with SMI reported they had experienced violence in the past 6 months (2007).

A

57% men, 48% woman.

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14
Q

what number of detained patients have died whilst being detained (2003-2016).

A

559 (43 per year).

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15
Q

give an example of how the media portrays the mentally ill as dangerous.

A

largest proportions of stories about the mentally ill in German newspaper are concerned with attempted/ actual murder, bodily harm, sexual abuse and infanticide.
- represented 68% of crimes reported by the newspaper.

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16
Q

state common stereotypes of the mentally ill.

A
  • pschokiller/ maniac
  • indulgent, libidinious
  • pathetic, sad characters
  • dishonest excuse
  • not legitimate users of services and/ or help.
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17
Q

how does TV add to our perceptions about the mentally ill?

A

66% of characters playing a mental illness are violent, 63% of references to mental health were flippant or unsympathetic.

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18
Q

is the media improving?

A

yes - by 2014 there were fewer portrayals of violence, and storylines helped change opinion about who can develop[ these problems.

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19
Q

define the social identity theory.

A

our self-concept, self-esteem and general sense of who we are is built on our social memberships.

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20
Q

name psychological perspectives on stigma.

A

people motivated to accentuate positive attributes of in-groups, and devalue and homogenise outgroup (MI).

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21
Q

state the three inbuilt social cognitive processes involved in perspectives on stigma.

A

social categorisation - social identification - social comparison.

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22
Q

describe what is meant by the system justification models of social hierarchy.

A
  • those in power are motivated to blame those of lower status for their position to avoid confronting their role in maintaining inequality.
23
Q

is the impact of stigma high or low?

A

high - 9/10 people with MH problems report the stigma has/have impacted their lives.

24
Q

state social and economic impacts of stigma.

A
  • lower rates of employment
  • lower rates of independent housing
  • lower research funding in MH than physical health.
25
Q

name public campaigns for MH.

A
  • time for change (2009-2015)
  • shift
  • see me (2002 - ongoing).
26
Q

has time to change improved attitudes to MH?

A

yes - since it started there has been a 14% (6.4, 4.8, 2.8) increase in attitudes.

27
Q

are biomedical models or stressing similarities better for MI.

A

biomedical models promote treatment, by make MH an outgroup due to the need for treatment, whereas stressing similarities risk minimising difficulties MI face.

28
Q

define personality.

A

stable patterns of:

  • perceiving and thinking
  • expressing and experiencing emotions
  • behaviour
  • relating to others
29
Q

describe the main theory of personality.

A

eyseneck 3 factor model: personality traits exist on a continuum between:

  • extraversion – introversion
  • neuroticism – emotional stability
  • psychoticism – self-control
30
Q

state other theories of personality.

A
  • 5 factor model (OCEAN)
  • psychodynamic
  • neuropsychological/ biological
  • social learning
31
Q

define personality disorder.

A

problematic extensions of normal personality traits:

  • unusual or extreme traits
  • causes suffering to self or others
  • hinders functioning
32
Q

according to DSM, define personality disorder.

A

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates from the expectations of the individuals culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early childhood, is stable overtime, and leads to stress and impairment.

33
Q

outline the continuum of personality.

A

healthy personality – some problematic traits – many problematic traits – personality disorder.

34
Q

what percentage of the UK are affected by personality disorder.

A

between 4-11%

35
Q

what percentage of the prison population have PD, and what percentage of offenders are managed by prohibition services.

A

60-70% prisoners

50% offenders.

36
Q

state the three Ps.

A

problematic - cause distress and impaired functioning
persistent - chronic problems that emerge in adolescence or early adult.
pervasive - problems occur in a number of contexts.

37
Q

name what makes MI difference from PD.

A

MI has an identifiable onset, sufferers often return to a state of “wellness” between episodes of illness and many can be effectively treated with medication.
Whereas PD is more chronic and enduring, less likely to respond to medication.

38
Q

what causes PD?

A

biopsychosocial model:
interactions between biological and genetic vulnerabilities, early attachments and experiences with others, and social factors.

39
Q

name temperaments infants vary in.

A

activity
sociability
emotional reactivity

40
Q

if infants do not form a healthy attachment they are likely to have problems with…

A

understanding own thoughts and feelings or self and intentions of others, and are less resilient to later adverse experiences.

41
Q

state problems in adulthood that can result in PD.

A
  • early problems tend to become self-perpetuating
  • tend to select relationships and create environments that confirm our existing beliefs.
  • continue to have problems interpreting the thoughts, feelings and intentions of others.
42
Q

briefly describe the three clusters of PD according to the DSM-4.

A

cluster A - paranoid - odd, eccentric
cluster B - narcissistic - dramatic, emotional, erratic
cluster C - dependant - anxious, fearful

43
Q

where does psychopathy fit in the DSM classification?

A

is a “specifier” of antisocial PD.

44
Q

what type of PD is most commonly seen in males, and what is most commonly seen in females.

A 
antisocial = males 
borderline = females
45
Q

state antisocial traits.

A
  • frequent rule breaking
  • impulsivity
  • aggressiveness
  • remorseless
  • irresponsibility
  • conduct disorder in childhood
46
Q

state traits of borderline PD.

A
  • problems with emotion regulation (distress)
  • unstable relationships (sensitive to criticism)
  • unstable self-image (wholly bad or wholly good)
47
Q

state traits of narcissistic PD.

A
  • inflated self-esteem
  • exploits others
  • sees self as special
  • treats others with contempt
48
Q

state traits of paranoid PD.

A
  • mistrustful and suspicious of others
  • feel like they are being treated unfairly, feel attacked
  • grievances and resentment
49
Q

state traits of psychopathy.

A
  • severe antisocial traits
  • many connotations, should be carefully assessed
  • strongly linked to levels of reoffending
50
Q

offenders with PD are likely to:

A
  • reoffend violently or sexually
  • be recalled to prison after release
  • drop out of accredited programmes
  • complain about professionals
51
Q

how is PD assessed ?

A
  • through clinical judgements, self-report measures, interviews, corroborative information.
  • hare psychopathy checklist - revised
  • risk assessment
52
Q

name types of therapy used to treat PD.

A
  • dialectical behaviour therapy
  • mentalism based theory
  • schema therapy
53
Q

name difficulties concerning treatment.

A
  • interpersonal difficulties e.g. forming trust

- treatment vs public protection can conflict

54
Q

what is the name of the project that aims to reduce reoffending and recall to prison.

A

personality disorder pathways project.

yr2 - forensic analysis and investigation (11 decks)

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