investigative expertise

Question 1

state problems with investigative decisions.

Answer 1

• people make crucial, time-critical decisions under uncertainty
• demands outstrip cognitive resources, sub-optimal decision-making
• little research on SIO decision-making

Question 2

state source of problems with evidence and inference in the manning case.

Answer 2

• no linking the men with the deposition site = failure to generate
• particles and replacement = failure to test
• implausible time scale = failure to simulate
• clean his van = failure to evaluate

Question 3

define the confirmation bias

Answer 3

• tend to seek evidence to confirm rather than falsify hypothesis

Question 4

state the generation of multiple hypothesis. (Hells angels)

Answer 4

1. non-discrimatory shooting by other bikers
2. non-dis shooting by others not associated to biking
3. deliberate shooting of Tobin by bikers or otherwise because of his personal lifestyle
4. or because of his affiliation to biking group

Question 5

what is the result of multiple hypothesis?

Answer 5

more experienced came up with more hypothesis early on which was more effective.

Question 6

define the mental models theory.

Answer 6

individuals cannot construct models of possibilities, the ease with which they can reason is a result of the ease with which possibilities can be discovered.

Question 7

name biases that can block decision making.

Answer 7

• statistical
• knowledge
• meta-cognitive
• social
• strategy

Question 8

name findings from the benefits fraud case study.

Answer 8

• investigators show pseudo-diagnosicity with simple cases, and diagnosticity with complex cases.
• controls show no effect.

Question 9

name the difference between simple and complex cases.

Answer 9

simple cases involve direct mapping from features to data choices, whereas complex cases requires inferences.

Question 10

name implications from the benefits fraud case study.

Answer 10

• demonstrate flexibility in strategies selected for hypothesis-tesing.
• experts may use ‘confirmatory’ strategy for information gain, and ‘diagnostic’ strategy for case comprehension.

Question 11

state the nature of investigative expertise.

Answer 11

• explanation building
• hypotheiss testing
• procedural decision-making

Question 12

true or false: experienced investigators delay search for additional data to keep search space as small as possible.

Answer 12

true - only expand search if given specific reason to do so.