Stains Flashcards
MART-1 immunostain will stain what? AKA Melan-A
Melanocytic nevi and melanomas.
CD34 immunostaining is used for what?
DFSP 85percent will stain with this.
Fontana-Masson stain is used to stain what?
Melanin
Factor XIIIa is a stain for what fibrous tumor
dermatofibroma
What does Perls prussian blue stain for?
Iron
What does SOX10 stain for best.
Melanoma especially in sentinel node biopsies.
What does Ber-EP4 stain for
BCC
What does CK20 stain for?
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
What does S100 stain for?
melanoma
What do cytokeratins stain for?
SCC
What does HMB-45 stain for (human melanoma black)
Melanoma (not desmoplastic)
Four cases that you should always order an immunostain.
Pagetoid growth
Spindle cell tumors
small blue cell tumors
Mets
AE1/AE3 immunostain is a great stain for what?
it is a broad spectrum cytokeratin stain so very useful in looking for SCC and other keratinocyte carcinomas
What does CK 7 stain for?
Extramammary Paget’s disease
What does Cam 5.2 stain for?
Mucinous carcinoma
what are two good neural marker stains to highlight nerves if looking for perineural involvement.
S100 and SOX10
what does angiosarcoma stain with always
CD 31
What is ERG stain good for?
Angiosarcoma (also prostate cancer) Angiosarcomas also stain for CD 31 & CD 34
Kaposi sarcoma stains with what?
HHV-8
P63 is a useful stain for what?
poorly differentiated SCC when cytokeratin stains may not work.
What kind of stain is MNF116
a cytokeratin stain useful in SCC (from a mouse)
how does toluidine blue help tell bcc from follicles
there is a pink stromal reaction around BCC
S100 stain verocay bodies what are they?
palladised spindle cells in schwannomas
What specifically does toluene blue stain a magenta color.
glycosaminoglycans of the myxoid stroma that surrounds BCC but not follicles
What kind of stain is this?
Trichrom
muscle nerve stains red
collagen blue
What stain is usually + in primary extramammary padgets disease but is negative in secondary padgets?
GCDFP
CEA, CK7 PAS stain + in both (argument on CK7)
What do most atypical fibroxanthomas stain to?
CD 10
a diagnosis of exclusion
Negative to other markers such as SOX10, S100, HMB-45, Melan-A, pancytokeratin, desmin, caldesmon, CD31 and CD34
Is Heatoxylin stain acidic or basic.
Basic - think blue
What does hematoxylin stain.
nuclei
The depth of the blue-purple hematoxylin stain is due to what two factors?
Amount of nuclear material
length of time in the hematoxylin
Which is used first hematoxylin or eosin?
hematoxylin
what happens after Hematoxylin application.
after rinsing with water a blueing agent (slightly basic) is applied which turns hematoxylin red to the traditional blue.
What is differentation in the H & E staining process?
After the blueing of the Hematoxyln if there is too much Hematoxyln it can be removed by an acidic solution.
Hydrochloric acid for rapid differentation
Acetic acid for slower removal differentation
What can you do to increase the shelf life of Hematoxylin?
add small amounts of acetic acid
What are four blueing agents.
tap water if alkaline enough
Scott’s tap water
ammonia
lithium carbonate
Is eosin acidic or basic?
acidic
the counterstain to hematoxlyn
What does eosin stain?
cytoplasm
what is the most commonly used eosin?
Eosin Y
what can be added to eosin to sharpen the red stain?
phyloxine
What staining differences will be seen in poorly differentiaed SCC to well differentiated SCC in regards to eosin stain.
The poor diferentiated will stain more of a blue. The well differentiated more of a red.
What kind of differentiators are used following eosin stain to remove excess eosin?
Water (slightly basic)
What follows eosin staining
ethanol 95%
alcohol rinses slide while the water pulls out the excess eosin
What causes bleeding of eosin when cover slipping a slide
poor dehydration in the alcohol
What is the first step in frozen section staining?
hydration dehydration
slide is put thru changes in alcohol or acetone then rinsed with water.
In paraffin embedded tissue what is the first step in H&E staining
dewaxing with xylene
What two components of Hematoxyln make up the stain
oxidized hematoxylin or hematein dye
+
and a binding agent aluminum salt in the solution
What is the final step before coverslipping in an H&E stain?
clearing
use xylene to clear the tissue to make transparent.
List the steps in the H & E stain process for a frozen section
Hydration/dehydration
Hematoxyln
Blueing
differentiation
Bluing again
Eosin
Dehydration
Clearing
What is the colorless hematoxylin oxidized by?
Sodium iodate
when colorless hematoxyln is oxidized by sodium iodate it becomes red/ brown what?
hematein
What do aluminum salts do when staining with hematoxylin?
help bind the hematein (which is hematoxylin oxidized by sodium Iodate) to tissue.
What does CD1a stain for?
Langerhans cells
What two lesions can giant touton cells be found?
Cellular blue nevi
Juvenile xanthogranuloma
The blue nevus is more fiberous may have pigment and the rete ridges are usually still there where they are flattened in Juvenile xanthogranuloma.
