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Derm Surg questions > Stains > Flashcards

Stains Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

MART-1 immunostain will stain what? AKA Melan-A

A

Melanocytic nevi and melanomas.

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2
Q

CD34 immunostaining is used for what?

A

DFSP 85percent will stain with this.

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3
Q

Fontana-Masson stain is used to stain what?

A

Melanin

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4
Q

Factor XIIIa is a stain for what fibrous tumor

A

dermatofibroma

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5
Q

What does Perls prussian blue stain for?

A

Iron

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6
Q

What does SOX10 stain for best.

A

Melanoma especially in sentinel node biopsies.

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7
Q

What does Ber-EP4 stain for

A

BCC

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8
Q

What does CK20 stain for?

A

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

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9
Q

What does S100 stain for?

A

melanoma

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10
Q

What do cytokeratins stain for?

A

SCC

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11
Q

What does HMB-45 stain for (human melanoma black)

A

Melanoma (not desmoplastic)

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12
Q

Four cases that you should always order an immunostain.

A

Pagetoid growth
Spindle cell tumors
small blue cell tumors
Mets

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13
Q

AE1/AE3 immunostain is a great stain for what?

A

it is a broad spectrum cytokeratin stain so very useful in looking for SCC and other keratinocyte carcinomas

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14
Q

What does CK 7 stain for?

A

Extramammary Paget’s disease

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15
Q

What does Cam 5.2 stain for?

A

Mucinous carcinoma

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16
Q

what are two good neural marker stains to highlight nerves if looking for perineural involvement.

A

S100 and SOX10

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17
Q

what does angiosarcoma stain with always

A

CD 31

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18
Q

What is ERG stain good for?

A

Angiosarcoma (also prostate cancer) Angiosarcomas also stain for CD 31 & CD 34

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19
Q

Kaposi sarcoma stains with what?

A

HHV-8

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20
Q

P63 is a useful stain for what?

A

poorly differentiated SCC when cytokeratin stains may not work.

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21
Q

What kind of stain is MNF116

A

a cytokeratin stain useful in SCC (from a mouse)

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22
Q

how does toluidine blue help tell bcc from follicles

A

there is a pink stromal reaction around BCC

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23
Q

S100 stain verocay bodies what are they?

A

palladised spindle cells in schwannomas

24
Q

What specifically does toluene blue stain a magenta color.

A

glycosaminoglycans of the myxoid stroma that surrounds BCC but not follicles

25
Q

What kind of stain is this?

A

Trichrom

muscle nerve stains red

collagen blue

26
Q

What stain is usually + in primary extramammary padgets disease but is negative in secondary padgets?

A

GCDFP

CEA, CK7 PAS stain + in both (argument on CK7)

27
Q

What do most atypical fibroxanthomas stain to?

A

CD 10

a diagnosis of exclusion

Negative to other markers such as SOX10, S100, HMB-45, Melan-A, pancytokeratin, desmin, caldesmon, CD31 and CD34

28
Q

Is Heatoxylin stain acidic or basic.

A

Basic - think blue

29
Q

What does hematoxylin stain.

A

nuclei

30
Q

The depth of the blue-purple hematoxylin stain is due to what two factors?

A

Amount of nuclear material

length of time in the hematoxylin

31
Q

Which is used first hematoxylin or eosin?

A

hematoxylin

32
Q

what happens after Hematoxylin application.

A

after rinsing with water a blueing agent (slightly basic) is applied which turns hematoxylin red to the traditional blue.

33
Q
A
34
Q

What is differentation in the H & E staining process?

A

After the blueing of the Hematoxyln if there is too much Hematoxyln it can be removed by an acidic solution.

Hydrochloric acid for rapid differentation

Acetic acid for slower removal differentation

35
Q

What can you do to increase the shelf life of Hematoxylin?

A

add small amounts of acetic acid

36
Q

What are four blueing agents.

A

tap water if alkaline enough

Scott’s tap water

ammonia

lithium carbonate

37
Q

Is eosin acidic or basic?

A

acidic

the counterstain to hematoxlyn

38
Q

What does eosin stain?

A

cytoplasm

39
Q

what is the most commonly used eosin?

A

Eosin Y

40
Q

what can be added to eosin to sharpen the red stain?

A

phyloxine

41
Q
A
42
Q

What staining differences will be seen in poorly differentiaed SCC to well differentiated SCC in regards to eosin stain.

A

The poor diferentiated will stain more of a blue. The well differentiated more of a red.

43
Q

What kind of differentiators are used following eosin stain to remove excess eosin?

A

Water (slightly basic)

44
Q

What follows eosin staining

A

ethanol 95%

alcohol rinses slide while the water pulls out the excess eosin

45
Q

What causes bleeding of eosin when cover slipping a slide

A

poor dehydration in the alcohol

46
Q

What is the first step in frozen section staining?

A

hydration dehydration

slide is put thru changes in alcohol or acetone then rinsed with water.

47
Q

In paraffin embedded tissue what is the first step in H&E staining

A

dewaxing with xylene

48
Q

What two components of Hematoxyln make up the stain

A

oxidized hematoxylin or hematein dye

+

and a binding agent aluminum salt in the solution

49
Q

What is the final step before coverslipping in an H&E stain?

A

clearing

use xylene to clear the tissue to make transparent.

50
Q

List the steps in the H & E stain process for a frozen section

A

Hydration/dehydration

Hematoxyln

Blueing

differentiation

Bluing again

Eosin

Dehydration

Clearing

51
Q

What is the colorless hematoxylin oxidized by?

A

Sodium iodate

52
Q

when colorless hematoxyln is oxidized by sodium iodate it becomes red/ brown what?

A

hematein

53
Q

What do aluminum salts do when staining with hematoxylin?

A

help bind the hematein (which is hematoxylin oxidized by sodium Iodate) to tissue.

54
Q
A
55
Q

What does CD1a stain for?

A

Langerhans cells

56
Q

What two lesions can giant touton cells be found?

A

Cellular blue nevi

Juvenile xanthogranuloma

The blue nevus is more fiberous may have pigment and the rete ridges are usually still there where they are flattened in Juvenile xanthogranuloma.

Derm Surg questions (26 decks)

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