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Derm Surg questions > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what area of the nose touches the columella, ala, and nasal tip.

A

soft triangle

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2
Q

The antihelix and helix have legs called what

A

crura

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3
Q

What are the structures that the crura of the antihelix and crura of the helix separates from anterior to pos.

A

cavum, cymba, triangular fossa, scapha

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4
Q

What is the correct term for nasolabial fold

A

melolabial fold

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5
Q

What is the correct term for marionette lines?

A

mentomental folds

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6
Q

What muscle pulls down to form marionette lines

A

depressor angularis oris

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7
Q

Muscles of facial expression arise from what?

A

2st branchial arch

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8
Q

Muscles of mastication arise from what?

A

1st branchial arch

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9
Q

what is SMAS

A

Superficial Musculoaponeurotic system

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10
Q

what is the equivalent of SMAS on the scalp

A

gala aponeurotica

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11
Q

where are motor nerves in relation to SMAS

A

below SMAS

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12
Q

where are sensory nerves and vessels located in relation to SMAS?

A

within SMAS or above in sub Q fat

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13
Q

Name the five layers of the scalp

A

epidermis/dermis-subQ fat-gala aponeurotica-loose areolar connective tissue, periosteum

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14
Q

where is it ok to undermine below SMAS

A

nose

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15
Q

where to undermine in the scalp

A

below the gala aponeurotica

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16
Q

what innervates the sensory to the lower ear?

A

the great auricular nerve

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17
Q

what innervates sensory to the cavum of the ear

A

cranial nerves IX and X

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18
Q

what innervates sensory to the top of the ear?

A

Lessor occipital nerve the top back, the auriculotemporal for the top front.

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19
Q

what does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?

A

great toe webspace

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20
Q

what does the superficial peroneal nerve innervate?

A

dorsum of foot

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21
Q

what does the sural nerve innervate

A

lateral malleolus and the little toe

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22
Q

what does the saphenous nerve innervate

A

medial malleolus

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23
Q

what are the three nerves of the posterior tibial nerve innervating the bottom of the foot

A

calcaneal nerve- heel
lateral plantar nerve
medial plantar nerve

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24
Q

where is erb’s point located?

A

behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle half way between the base of the mastoid and clavicle.

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25
Q

what nerve exits 2 cm above erb’s point

A

spinal accessory nerve - Cranial nerve XI

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26
Q

what does the spinal accessory nerve do?

A

innervates the trapezius muscle- leads to shoulder droop

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27
Q

what are the three danger zones for motor nerve injury.

A

spinal accessory nerve XI, temporal branch of the facial nerve VII, Marginal Mandibular branch Facial Nerve VII

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28
Q

what does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate?

A

The frontalis muscle.

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29
Q

what does the marginal mandibular branch innervate?

A

lip depressors, crooked smile and drooling.

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30
Q

what are the five branches of the facial nerve?

A

To Zanzibar By Motor Car (Facial nerve branches C7)
Temporal (paralysis of frontalis muscle and ptosis)
Zygomatic (snarl and nostril dilation)
Buccal (damage to stenson’s duct)
Marginal Mandibular (lower lip paralysis)
Cervical (unilateral joker smile)

P neumonic Posterior auricular (occipitalis muscle paralysis)

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31
Q

how does the lymphatic drainage of the face go?

A

down and diagonal

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32
Q

What forms the top of the nail plate

A

Proximal nail matrix Prox Top Dis-Down

33
Q

what is the eponychium

A

the cuticle.

34
Q

where is the hyponychium

A

under the free edge of the nail plate

35
Q

what shows the distal nail matrix?

A

the lunula

36
Q

what is a distal pterygium?

A

distal expansion of the hyponychium which eliminates the distal nail groove.

37
Q

what causes a dorsal pterygium?

A

scarring which divides the nail plate into two segments.

38
Q

Longitudinal erythronychia can be caused by what?

A

LP, Darier’s, glomus tumors, SCC & melanoma

39
Q

What finger has innervation by ulnar, radial and median nerves?

A

The ring finger.

40
Q

what nerve innervates the largest part of the palm and the distal long and index finger?

A

median nerve

41
Q

what nerve innervates largest dorsal part of the hand.

A

radial nerve

42
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral hand both top and bottom.

A

ulnar nerve.

43
Q

what muscles make up the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

sternocleiodmastoid (anterior border)
Trapezius (posterior border)
middle third of the clavicle base (omohyoid muscle)

44
Q

What are the 3 superficial nerves in the posterior triangle of the neck

A

greater auricular (sensory)

lessor occipital nerve (sensory)

supraspinatus (motor)

45
Q

If you damage the supraspinatous nerve what can’t you do?

A

Shrug shoulder

raise your arm above the head

46
Q

what are the four main sensory nerves of the ear top to bottom

A

auriculotemporal

Vagus N. auricular branch + Lessor occipital

Great Auricular N.

47
Q

What is the path of Stensen duct

A

Parotid gland duct arises from parotid passes through the buccal fat pad and empties above second maxillary molar

48
Q

what nerve has been damaged

A

Marginal mandibular branch of the Facial nerve can’t protrude lower lip and facial asymentry while smiling

49
Q

what nerve has been damaged

A

temporal branch of the Facial nerve (can’t raise eyebrow ptosis) Frontalis paralysis

50
Q

If you are operating on the concha and auditory meatus and the patient becomes nauseous and vomits what nerve have you hit.

A

auricular branch of the vagus nerve

51
Q

What are the three branches of the Trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic V1

Maxillary V2

Mandibular V3

52
Q

What is the “6th branch of the facial nerve that innervates the occipital muscle” that is often forgotten

A

posterior auricular

53
Q

what nerve innervates the webspace btw the great toe and 2nd toe

A

deep peroneal nerve

54
Q

what innervates the little toe and the lateral foot

A

sural nerve

55
Q

what sensory innervates the top of the foot

A

superficial peroneal nerve

56
Q

what sensory nerve innervates the sole of the foot?

A

posterior tibial nerve

57
Q

what innervates the medial edge of the foot

A

the Saphenous Nerve

58
Q

What are the danger zones for trigeminal nerve injury in facial surgery (sensory)

A

above and below midpupilary line

supraorbital and supra trochlear branches V1 (opthalmic branch)

Infraorbital branch V2 (maxillary branch) one cm below orbital rim

near 2nd pre molar

Mental branch V3 (mandibular branch)

59
Q
A
60
Q

what makes up the frontal sensory nerve

A

supraorbital nerve midline

Forehead, upper eyelid, scalp to vertex

supratrochlear nerve medial edge of the supraorbital margin

forehead & uppereyelid

61
Q

Where do you inject for a posterior tibial nerve block

A

posterior to the medial malleous

numbs the center sole of the foot.

62
Q

Where do you inject for the both deep and superficial peroneal nerve blocks?

A

junction of the foot and ankle lies over the anterior tibial artery

first web space (deep) numbs top of foot (superficial)

63
Q

Where do you inject for a sural nerve block

A

posterior to the lateral malleolus (like the posterior tibial block but on opposite side)

numbs the little toe an lateral foot

64
Q

Where do you inject for the saphenous nerve block

A

superior to the medial malleous

numbs the medial part of the foot.

65
Q

where do you inject for a median nerve block of the hand

A

between the Palmaris longus (the middle one when you touch your thumb to your little finger or make a fist)

and the Flexor carpi radialis (radial to the palmaris longus)

66
Q

where do you inject for a radial nerve block

A

ulnar to the Flexor carpi ulnaris

67
Q

where do you inject for a radial nerve block

A

just proximal to the Radial styloid just below the anatomic snuff box

68
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibers

A

They connect perosteum to bone

69
Q

If tumor is not affecting the periosteum is it easily elevated by using tumescent technique.

A

yes

70
Q

periosteal pain is which dull and duffuse or sharp and localized

A

sharp and localized.

71
Q

What nerve innervates the nasal tip

A

external branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve

72
Q

What nerve innervates the nasal root, dorsum and sidewalls

A

Infratrochlear nerve

73
Q

What nerves innervate the ala and lower side walls of the nose

A

Infraorbital nerves

74
Q

If there is eyelash loss associated with the tumor what anatomic structure may be involved?

A

Tarsal plate

75
Q

what do the medial and lateral canthal tendons connect to the orbital rim

A

tarsal plate

76
Q

what type of suture repair should be done with a tarsal plate repair

A

verticle mattress suture

77
Q

The tarasal plate is bigger on which eyelid?

A

Upper Eyelid 1cm

Lower .5 cm

78
Q

what % of the eyelid can be closed with direct closure

A

30%

Derm Surg questions (26 decks)

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