Stages of learning Flashcards
Positive transfer
previous experience has a positive effect on a new skill. e.g over arm throw technique links to tennis throw.
Negative transfer
previous experience hinders the learning of a new skill. e.g flexible wrists needed for badminton stiff for tennis.
Zero transfer
no link. e.g squash serve and weightlifting
Bilateral transfer
transfer from one limb to the other. e.g kick with non-dominant foot by thinking about dominant foot movement.
What are the 3 stages of learning
cognitive
associative
autonomous
First stage of learning
cognitive
Second stage of learning
associative
Last stage of learning
autonomous
Cognitive characteristics
-often a novice or someone just beginning a sport
- no motor programmes developed yet
- develops understanding and subroutines through trial and error
- uncoordinated movement
-need coach input
Associative characteristics
-performance becomes smoother
- motor programmes begin to form
- longer stage than others
- trial and error is still used to try and perfect technique
Autonomous characteristics
- performance is detailed and specific
- motor programmes fully formed
- automatic control
- skills are fluent and efficient
How can a coach encourage positive transfer?
ensuring correct performance is learned
ensure training is specific
carefully plan progressions
provide performance opportunities
use reward to encourage
highlight opportunities
1st stage of a plateau
starting to learn a new skill. initial rate of learning is slow. cognitive learner. visual learning is good.
2nd stage
rate of learning increases. motor programmes, confidence building
3rd stage
plateau is hit. rate decreases or stops.
