Stages of learning

Question 1

What are the charecteristics of the cognitve stage of learning

Answer 1

• This is the beginner stage
• Trial and error is a feature, the performer will make mistakes
• Concentration/ conscious thought is required
• Performace focuseses on technique and sub-routines
• Movement lacks fluency/rythem/co-ordination and may be jerky
• The performer relies soley on extrinsic feedback (visual and verbal)

Question 2

What are the charecteristics of the associative stage of learning

Answer 2

• The performer has to continuously match/ compare actual performance with mental image
• Motor programmes start to form
• Practice is a feature
• More trial and error
  
  • > Fewer mistakes
  • > Ability to self correct
• Increased efficiancy/fluency/better timing
• More detailed extrinsic feedback
• Performer starts to use intrinsic feedback (kinaesthesia)
• Some people never leave this stage

Question 3

What are the charecteristics of the autonomous stage of learning

Answer 3

• The skill has been well learnt/grooved
• Motor programmes stored in long-term memory
• Little thought/consious control required
• > Movements are automatic
• Spare capacity now used for strategy/decision making
• Performace is fluent and efficient
• Performer uses extrinsic and intrinsic feedback
• Some performers will return to associative stage