Confidence and self-efficacy

Question 1

Define sports confidence

Answer 1

The belief that an individual has about their ability to be successful in a sport

Question 2

Define trait sports confidence

Give an example

Answer 2

An individual’s innate level of self-belief (enduring/ stable)

E.g. An individual has a high level of confidence in all activities/ situations

Question 3

Define state sports confidence (Vealey)

Give an example

Answer 3

An individual’s learned level of self-belief in a specific sports situation (unstable)

E.g. A capable games performer lacks confidence in racquet sports

Question 4

Define self-efficacy (Bandura)

Give an example

Answer 4

The self-confidence that an individual has in a specific situation

E.g. a tennis players first serve %

Question 5

What are the impacts of sports confidence?

Answer 5

• Increases self-esteem (feeling of self worth)
• Increases motivation/ task persistance
• Increases approach behaviour
• Decreases avoidance behaviour
• Increases participation levels
• Improves performance

Question 6

Briefly describe Vealey’s model of self confidence and name each of the boxes on the diagram

Answer 6

Vealey’s model explains how sports confidence can affect performance, and future confidence levels

Six boxes:
* Sporting context
* Trait sports confidence
* Competitive orientation
* State sports confidence
* Behavioral response
* Subjective perceptions of outcomes

Question 7

What is sporting context?

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Answer 7

The current sports situation that a performer is in

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Question 8

What is trait sports confidence

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Answer 8

Innate level of sports confidence (enduring)

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Question 9

What is competive orientation?

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Answer 9

A performers competitiveness/ willingness to take on risk

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Question 10

What is state sports confidence, and what is it influenced by?

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Answer 10

• Situation specific sports confidence
• Is influenced by the sporting context, trait sports confidence and competitive orientation
• If trait confidence is high, state confidence is more likely to be high

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Question 11

What is behavioral response?

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Answer 11

• A performer’s behavior, dictated by thier level of sports confidence
• If state confidence is high, their performance is more likely to be successful

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Question 12

What are subjective perceptions of outcomes?

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Answer 12

• The emotions that an individual experiances after a performance - i.e. satisfaction or disappointment
• If this is positive, trait confidence and competitive orientation will increase

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

Question 13

Briefly describe Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and name each of the boxes on the diagram

Answer 13

Identifies the factors that affect a performer’s self efficacy

Six boxes:
* Performance accomplishments
* Vicarious experiances
* Verbal persuassion
* Emotional arousal
* Efficacy expectations
* Behaviour response

Question 14

Describe performance accomplishments

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Answer 14

• The performer is reminded of previous successfull experiances, which increases self-confidence, and improves performance
• But only if previous success was attributed to internal, controllable reasons (attribution theory)
• The opposite is true for unsuccessfull performances

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Question 15

Describe vicarious experiances

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Answer 15

• The performer observes another performer perform the skill successfully, which increases self-confidence and improves performance
• The other performer must be of a similar level of ability, or self-confidence may decrease

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Question 16

Describe verbal persuasion

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Give an example

Answer 16

• The performer receives positive extrinsic reinforcment, which increases self-confidence, and improves performance
• More likely to be effective if given by a significant other
• Negative extrinsic reinforcement will reduce self-confidence

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

E.g. a performer is teased by their friends for trying too hard

Question 17

Describe emotional arousal

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Answer 17

• The performer understands the signs of increased arousal/ accepts that increased arousal is a natural element of performance
• The performer can control thier arousal level and maintain high self-confidence

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Question 18

Describe efficacy expectations

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Answer 18

• The expectation that the performer has to achieve success, based upon thier self-confidence
• i.e. high self-confidence = high expectation of success

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Question 19

Describe behavior response/ athletic performance

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy

Answer 19

High self-confidence results in approach behavior, which increases probability of performance improving

Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy