ST MEMORY Flashcards
AN INCOMING SENSORY MESSAGE IS IMPORTANT ENOUGH TO ENTER CONSCIOUSNESS, THAT MESSAGE WILL MOVE FROM SENSORY MEMORY TO THE NEXT STAGE OF MEMORY CALLED ?
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
SHORT-TERM MEMORIES ARE HELD FOR UP TO _ SECONDS OR MORE
30 SECONDS
ABILITY TO FOCUS ON ONLY ONE STIMULUS FROM AMONG ALL SENSORY INPUT
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
IT IS THROUGH _ ATTENTION THAT INFORMATION ENTERS OUR STM SYSTEM
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
WHO EXPLAINED THE SELECTIVE ATTENTION THROUGH THE FILTER THEORY
DR. DONALD E. BROADBENT
A BOTTLENECK OCCURS BETWEEN SENSORY AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY, ONLY THE IMPORTANT STIMULUS WILL BE SELECTED FROM ALL OF THE INFORMATION IN SENSORY MEMORY TO BE CONSCIOUSLY ANALYZED FOR MEANING IN STM
SELECTIVE ATTENTION /FILTER THEORY
TO DETERMINED WHAT’S THE IMPORTANT INFO BETWEEN SENSORY AND SHORT TERM MEMORY A KIND OF _ ACCOMPLISHED BY THE ATTENTION CENTERS IN THE BRAIN STEM
PRE-ANALYSIS
WHEN A PERSON IS THINKING ACTIVELY ABOUT INFORMATION THAT INFORMATION IS SAID TO BE CONSCIOUS AND IS ALSO IN _
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
WHO PROPOSED THAT SELECTIVE ATTENTION OPERATES IN A TWO-STAGE FILTERING PROCESS
DR. ANNE M. TREISMAN
INCOMING STIMULI IN SENSORY MEMORY ARE FILTERED ON THE BASIS OF SIMPLE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS INSTEAD OF MOVING TO STM OR BEING LOST, A LESSENING (ATTENUATION) OF THE SIGNAL STRENGTH OF UNSELECTED SENSORY STIMULI IN COMPARISON TO THE SELECTED STIMULI
FIRST STAGE OF THE TWO-STAGE FILTERING PROCESS
ONLY THE STIMULI THAT MEET A CERTAIN THRESHOLD OR IMPORTANCE ARE PROCESSED, SINCE THE ATTENUATED STIMULI ARE STILL PRESENT, SOMETHING AS SUBJECTIVELY IMPORANT AS ONE’S OWN NAME MAY BE ABLE TO BE PLUCKED OUT OF THE ATTENUATED INCOMING STIMULI
SECOND STAGE OF THE TWO-STAGE FILTERING PROCESS
EVEN WHEN DEEPLY _, WHEN THE SELECTIVE ATTENTION FILTER IS NOT WORKING AT ITS PEAK LEVEL, IT STILL FUNCTIONS
DEEPLY ASLEEP, (TWO STAGE FILTERING PROCESS)
SOME MEMORY THEORIST USE THE TERM _ MEMORY AS ANOTHER WAY OF REFERRING TO SHORT-TERM MEMORY
WORKING MEMORY
REFER TO SIMPLE STORAGE AND WORKING MEMORY AS RELATING TO STORAGE AND MANIPULATION OF INFORMATION
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
_ HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN THOUGHT OF AS A THING OR A PLACE INTO WHICH INFORMATION IS PUT
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
_ MEMORY IS MORE CORRECTLY THOUGHT OF AS AN ACTIVE SYSTEM THAT PROCESSES THE INFORMATION PRESENT IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY
WORKING MEMORY
- CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
- VISUAL “SKETCHPAD”
- AUDITORY ACTION “RECORDER”
3 INTERRELATED SYSTEMS OF WORKING MEMORY
CONTROLS AND COORDINATES THE VISUAL AND AUDITORY ACTION
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
ACTS AS A INTERPRETER FOR BOTH THE VISUAL AND AUDITORY INFORMATION
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
_ and _ information are themselves contained in short-term memory
VISUAL AND AUDITORY INFORMATION
WANTED TO KNOW HOW MUCH INFORMATION HUMANS CAN HOLDS IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY AT ANY ONE TIME OR HOW MANY “FILES” WILL FIT ON THE “DESK”
CAPACITY: THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, OR FIVE OR FOUR GEORGE MILLER (1956)
WHO REVIEWED A SEVERAL MEMORY STUDIES USING A MEMORY TEST CALLED THE DIGIT-SPAN TEST
GEORGE MILLER (1956)
A MEMORY TEST IN WHICH A SERIES OF NUMBERS IS READ TO SUBJECTS IN THE STUDY WHO ARE THEN ASKED TO RECALL THE NUMBERS IN ORDER, EACH SERIES GETS LONGER AND LONGER, UNTIL THE SUBJECTS CANNOT RECALL ANY OF THE NUMBERS IN ORDER
DIGIT-SPAN TEST
PROCESS OF RECODING AND REORGANIZING THE INFORMATION
CHUNKING
A WAY TO FOOL THE STM INTO HOLDING MORE INFORMATION, BITS OF INFORMATION ARE COMBINED INTO MEANINGFUL UNITY OR CHUNKS, MORE INFORMATION CAN BE HELD IN STM
CHUNKING
SAYING SOMETHING ONE WANTS TO REMEMBER OVER AND OVER AGAIN IN THEIR HEADS CAN HELP THEM REMEMBER LONGER
MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL
A PERSON IS SIMPLY CONTINUING TO PAY ATTENTION TO THE INFORMATION TO BE HELD IN MEMORY AND SINCE ATTENTION IS HOW THAT INFORMATION GOT INTO STM IN THE FIRST PLACE, WORKS QUITE WELL
MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL
WITH THIS TYPE OF REHEARSAL, INFORMATION WILL STAY IN STM UNTIL REHEARSAL STOPS
MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL
WHEN _ STOPS THE MEMORY RAPIDLY DECAYS AND IS FORGOTTEN
REHEARSAL
IF ANYTHING INTERFERES WITH _ REHEARSAL, MEMORIES ARE ALSO LIKELY TO BE LOST
MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL
