SPRING personality

Question 1

what is personality

Answer 1

set of behavioural, emotional and cognitive tendency that people display over time and across situatios that distinguish individuals from one another
interal and stable

Question 2

describe freud psychoanalytic approach

Answer 2

emphasise improtance of childhood experience and psychoanalysis - innate unconscious desires and drives
personality is formed by the conflict between the ID and Sperego - maintained by the ego
fixation at psychosexual stages leads to impulses etc and attempt to achieve pleasure in ways did when younger
use defense mechanisms

Question 3

describe the humanistic approach (rodgers)

Answer 3

phenomenological - all have individual experience of the world
concerned with achieving our best self, and driven to reach self actualisation
people innately good and capable of free will

Question 4

humanistic approach incongruency between self image and ideal self

Answer 4

lead to low self esteem and anxiety

difficulty achieving self actualisation and achieving goals

Question 5

humanistic approach contruency between self image and ideal self

Answer 5

better match and achieve self actualisation

capable of empathy and can accept who you are

Question 6

trait theory of personality

Answer 6

personality and traits are consistent over time and across situations
individual differences occur primarily because of genetics

Question 7

eysencks personality theory

Answer 7

focused on two dimensions of higher-order traits, extraversion (sociable) vs. introversion (reserved, pessimistic) and emotional stability (Calm) vs. neuroticism (anxious, moody), or emotional instability.
added psychoticism - lack empathy, loner and cruel

Question 8

difference between introverts and extroverts

Answer 8

introverts more arousable to social stimuli
find more intense
extroverts less - seek social encounters and thrilling experiences

Question 9

hormones and introversion/extroversion

Answer 9

high DA = improved pos emotion and thrill seeking

low serotoning = increased depression and irritabiity

Question 10

neuroticism and autonomic NS

Answer 10

neurotics show greater response to stimuli

- more startles and irritable

Question 11

what personality traits are thought to be most genetic?

Answer 11

mz> dz more similer on openned and extraversion

Question 12

bouchard et al 1990 hertiabiity of the big 5 personality traits

Answer 12

neuroticism 41%
extraversion 53%
oppenness 61%
agreeableness 41%
conscientiousness 44%
BUT mainly self report , ignores environ, not broad enough

Question 13

the behaviourist approach to personality

Answer 13

watson and rayner/skinner
result of learnt responses
direct/indirect pos/neg reinforcement determines how we act
behaviour is shaped and controlled by society

Question 14

social cognitive approach of personlaity

Answer 14

bandura - imitate reward and not if punish
bobo doll
observational learning - thinking about the consequences of our actions
explores peoples capacity for conscious reasoning
behaviour varies acrosss ituations and is dependent on our goals
RECOPROCAL DETERMINATION BETWEEN BEH AND ENVIRON AND INDIVIDUAL

Question 15

garnagey and anderson 2005 violent video games and aggression

Answer 15

measured levels of aggressive affect cognition and beh following reward punish or control plahing violent video game
pos correlation when rewarded in all sitations
punish ony increase agg in affect
otherwise agg not increase
games that reward violence increase agg behaviour by increasing agg thinking

Question 16

costa and mccrae 1999/kandler 2012

Answer 16

declines in neuroticism, extraversion and opennness with age
increase in agreeableness and conscientiousness
-change over time, not rigid
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Question 17

rothman and coetzer 2003 personality and profession

Answer 17

more successful people
lower in agreeableness
higher in openesss
med in extraversion