Sports Psychology - Mr M

Question 1

What is the equation which links to detecting behaviour patterns?

Answer 1

Behaviour = function of (personality x environment)

Question 2

What are the 3 main points of The Hollander Approach?

Answer 2

1 The core
2 Typical Responses
3 Role-related behaviour

Question 3

What is nature vs nurture?

Answer 3

Aspects of a player’s teammates personality will be stable, innate and enduring(nature,trait theory) while others will develop from learning (nurture,social theory)

Question 4

What is the trait theory?

Answer 4

Our innate characteristics which our stable, consistent and enduring
Extroverted people will always give their opinions and be loud
It attempts to profile an individual

Question 5

What is the social learning approach?

Answer 5

Suggests behaviour is learnt from significant others by socialisation
We learn from people we hold to high self-esteem - role models
Primary and secondary learning (family and friends)

Question 6

What is Vicarious learning?

Answer 6

When a person is motivated to learn by gaining rewards
People are motivated by role models who are experts or competent
Observe - Identify - Reinforce - Copy

Question 7

What is the interactionist perspective?

Answer 7

A theory which combines trait theory and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation

Question 8

What is the formula? (interactionist perspective)

Answer 8

B = F(P x E) 
Behaviour = function(personality x environment)

Question 9

What is the Hollander approach?(interactionist theory)

Answer 9

The core (values & beliefs)
The typical responses
Role related behaviour

Question 10

What is the core of an individual?

Answer 10

The values and beliefs of the individual

Question 11

What is the interactionist perspective?

Answer 11

A combination of Social Learning Theory & Trait Theory to predict behaviour

Question 12

What is the social learning approach?

Answer 12

Learning by associating with others

Question 13

What are typical responses of an individual?

Answer 13

The use of inherent traits shown in various situations

Question 14

What is role-related behaviour?

Answer 14

The ability to adapt to roles in situations

Question 15

What is the definition of attitude?

Answer 15

Ideas charged with emotion to produce specific behaviour

Question 16

What is the definition of socialisation?

Answer 16

Cultural values learnt via associating with others

Question 17

What is the Triadic model?

Answer 17

Three separate parts which affect a persons attitude

Question 18

What is the cognitive stage of the the triadic model?

Answer 18

Thoughts&opinions from an individual

Question 19

What is the affective stage of the triadic model?

Answer 19

Feelings shown from an individual

Question 20

What behavioural stage of triadic model?

Answer 20

Actions produced by the individual

Question 21

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 21

Creating disharmony between the attitude of the individual & the topic

Question 22

What is persuasive communication?

Answer 22

Giving a person in-depth info at the correct time, scenario & by the right person

Question 23

What is arousal?

Answer 23

An energised state, readiness to perform

Question 24

When is arousal present?

Answer 24

Arousal is present during and after sport in varying levels

Question 25

What is the formula for the Drive Theory?

Answer 25

Performance = Function of (Drive x Habits)

Question 26

What is the explanation for the Drive Theory?

Answer 26

Initial motivation causes increased drive, more effort,more success and repetition of the same response.

Question 27

What is the dominant response?

Answer 27

At high arousal we pick up less information (attentional narrowing) and focus on the dominant response. (Best trained response formed by the motor program)

Question 28

What is the difference in dominant response between a expert and a novice?

Answer 28

An experts response will be correct

A novices response will be altered by experience

Question 29

What is the zone of optimal functioning?

Answer 29

Areas of controlled arousal and high performance

Question 30

What is the invert U theory?

Answer 30

Increased arousal improves performance but only to a moderate level

Question 31

What is the catastrophe theory?

Answer 31

It is an adaptation of the inverted U theory
Increased arousal improves performance to a point but an intense combination of somatic & cognitive anxieties causes a dramatic deterioration in performance

Question 32

Can you recover from the catastrophe theory?

Answer 32

Certain people are unable to recover

Other people can return to a acceptable level of arousal

Question 33

What is attentional narrowing?

Answer 33

When a performer is aroused focusing on certain cues and ignore others

Question 34

What is attentional wastage?

Answer 34

Performers concentration is misdirected to irrelevant cues.

Can damage performance

Question 35

What is social loafing?

Answer 35

Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to lack of performance identification when efforts are unrecognised

Question 36

What is the ringelman effect?

Answer 36

When a teams performance decreases with group size

Question 37

What are the impacts of under arousal?

Answer 37

• poor selective attention
• lack of concentration
• social loafing
• ringelman effect
• attentional wastage

Question 38

What are the impacts of over arousal?

Answer 38

• poor selective attention
• violence/break rules
• fail to reach zone of optimal functioning

Question 39

How does personality affect arousal? (Introvert & Extrovert)

Answer 39

Introverts usually perform better in sports requiring low levels of arousal as the already have high adrenaline levels
Extroverts perform better in sports requiring higher levels of arousal as they are able to tolerate extra adrenaline.

Question 40

What is peak flow performance

Answer 40

Ultimate intrinsic experience felt by athletes from a positive mental attitude