Sports Psychology Flashcards
Visual guidance
Guidance the performer can see and look at
Examples of visual guidance
A coach demonstration
Video
Pictures
Advantages of visual guidance
Watch the video again
See the correct technique
Instant feedback - watch a video of yourself
Disadvantage of visual guidance
You can’t see it when performing
Demonstration could be wrong or not good quality
Verbal guidance
Provided by another person speaking to you. It may involve a coach highlighting a technique or using a trigger word
When should verbal guidance be used?
During, after and before.
During should be positive to motivate them
Before and after can be negative and positive
Can verbal guidance be given to beginners?
Only if visual guidance used as well
Not too long or complex
Manual guidance
Involves physically moving the performer into the correct position
Manual guidance examples
Supporting a tuck somersault in gymnastics and trampolining
When should manual guidance be used?
With a beginner to get them used to the right technique
Mechanical guidance
Involves using aid or objects to assist the performer
Examples of mechanical guidance
Float or armbands in swimming
A harness in trampolining
Advantages of mechanical guidance
Make performers feel safe when doing potentially dangerous skills
Give the performer an understanding of what the skill ‘ feels’ like.
Disadvantages of mechanical guidance
Equipment may be expensive
Performer may only rely on the aid
Beginners guidance
Visual
Verbal - not too complex
Manual/mechanical
Elite guidance
Verbal - more complex, fine tuning of technique
Feedback
Information about reactions to a persons performance of a movement
Positive feedback
Inform the athlete what was correct/ good. Essential for motivating athletes
Negative feedback
Information a performer receives about that was incorrect or about their performance
Knowledge of results
It focuses on how successful you have been achieving what you set out to do.
How far you jumped in long jump
Knowledge of performance
More detail about the quality of the performance and not the end result
Often relates to specific techniques
Intrinsic feedback
Info that is received from within the performer via the senses or muscles
Extrinsic feedback
Feedback from an external source
Teacher or peer or coach
Positive feedback - beginner or elite
Elite - helpful, motivate them to do better
Beginner - best feedback, motivate them to do better
Negative feedback - beginner or elite
Elite - helpful, can correct their movement easily
Beginner - not good, may make them demotivated
Knowledge of results - beginner or elite
Elite - may be obvious to them and helpful (get a PB)
Beginner - may need this to know whether it was a success or not
Knowledge of performance - beginner or elite
Elite - useful as they can talk about their technique which they can improve on
Beginner - may be confusing for them
Extrinsic feedback - beginner or elite
Elite - useful, feedback from a spectator
Beginner - rely heavily on this
Intrinsic feedback - beginner or elite
Elite - may be natural as they would be able to ‘feel’ if its right
Beginner - not be able to interpret their movement themselves
Beginner feedback
REP
Results(knowledge of performance)
Extrinsic
Positive
Elite feedback
PIN
Performance (knowledge of)
Intrinsic
Negative
Arousal
Physical and mental state of alertness/readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement
Low arousal
Not very aware
In consistent
Deep sleep
High arousal
Too desperate or anxious
Get to excited and mess up
Intense excitement
Optimum arousal
Concentrated
Good performance
Plays at best
Inverted U theory
A arousal increases - level of performance increases
Until it reaches an optimum point at around moderate arousal level
Past this optimum point- performance decreases - over aroused too anxious
Low arousal movements
Fine and precise
Accuracy and control
High arousal movements
Gross skills requiring power, strength
Large muscle movements
High arousal movement example
Rugby tackle
Lots of energy needed, power and strength
Large muscle movement
Low arousal movement example
Throwing a dart
Precision and accuracy needed