Performance Enhancing Drugs Flashcards
Advantages for the performer
To increase chance of success
To increase wealth
To increase fame
To keep a level playing field, knowing that others take them
Disadvantages for the performer
It is a clear form of cheating and is immoral
Those who test positive are banned and fined
It can severely damage the performers reputation
Disadvantages for the sport
Certain sports have lost their reputation as lots have tested positive - Tour de France
Spectators have become cynical about exceptional performances and as a result the sport loses credibility
Reduces level of spectator participation and sponsorship - reduces income of sport
Narcotic analgesics
What are they?
Pain killers that mask pain from an injury or over training
Narcotic analgesics
Positives and negatives
P- masks pain from injury
N- highly addictive, constipation, low blood pressure, loss of concentration -coma
Who would use narcotic analgesics?
People who need to recover from excessive over training or injury
Anabolic agents
What are they?
They increase muscle mass and rate of muscle growth
Artificial hormone of testosterone
Anabolic agents
Positives and negatives
P- speed up recovery so performers are able to train harder and more frequently
N- high blood pressure, damages heart,liver and kidneys
Women facial hair deep vice
Anabolic agents
Who would use it?
Boxer and 100m sprinter
Performers which require muscle growth, strength and power
Peptide hormones
What are they?
Increases production of red blood cells
Peptide hormones
Positive and negative
P- improves oxygen carrying capacity to the muscles
Reduces fatigue
N- thickening of the blood which requires the heart to pump harder - stroke and heart attack
Who would use peptide hormones?
Cyclists and marathon runner
Diuretics
What are they?
Remove fluid from the body - weight loss
Diuretics
Positive and negatives
P- Rapid weight loss, removes the presence of other illegal substances
N- severe dehydration, low blood pressure and muscle cramp
Diuretics
Who would use them?
Boxer - to get into weight categories
Stimulants
What are they?
Increase alertness and aggression and increase reaction time and reduces tiredness
Makes athletes more alert and masks effects of fatigue
Stimulants
Positives and negatives
N - highly addictive, high blood pressure, strokes and heart and liver problems
P- increases alertness and increases reaction time
Stimulants
Who would use them?
Performers who need to be highly alert - sprinter and speed swimmers
Beta blockers
What are they?
They calm the performer down by reducing the effects of adrenaline
Beta blockers
Positives and negatives
P- improve a performers fine motor control
N- nausea, poor circulation, heart problems, tiredness and weakness
Beta blockers
Who would use them?
Snooker
Archery
Blood doping
What is it?
A method that involves artificially increasing the number of red blood cells in the blood and therefore improving the oxygen carrying capacity
Blood doping
Method
Remove 2 pints of blood 2 months before
In that time the body will make more blood to replace it
They put the blood back into the person 2-3 days before
Blood doping
Positives and negatives
N - thickens blood - potential for heart attack
Risk of embolis - blocked blood vessels
P- improves oxygen carry capacity
Blood doping
Who would use it?
Endurance athletes
Cyclist and marathon runners
Increasing amount of blood cells, increases amount of blood carrying more oxygen to muscles which is used for energy
