Sports Medicine Lesson 4 Flashcards
The time from when someone gets infected to when symptoms start is called the?
Incubation period
What is the infectious period?
The time in which a person can spread disease
Who are carriers?
People that have no symptoms but can still infect other
What is case fatality/mortality rate?
A measure of the severity of a disease - proportion of people that die from the infection
Define basic reproductive rate/ R-Nougat?
Describes how infectious a disease is; the average number of secondary cases that occurs as a result of one infected person
Define Secondary Attack rate:
Proportion of people exposed who get the disease
What are bloodborne pathogens and give 3 examples?
Microorganisms that are present in human
blood and can infect and cause disease in
people who are exposed to blood containing
the pathogen
Ex. HIV, Hepatitis B &C
What is AIDS caused by and what it do?
It’s caused by HIV and y damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body’s ability to fight the organisms that cause disease.
What category does HIV goes into?
STI (its a sexually transmitted disease)
How can HIV be spread?
- By sexual fluids
- Infected blood
- Mother to child during pregnancy
- childbirth
- breastfeeding
What happens when you get HIV
HIV weakens your immune system over the years and by then it’s turned into AIDS
Is there any cure for AIDS?
No but there are medications that can dramatically slow the progression of the disease.
What is viral hepatitis
Its an inflammation of the liver due to a viral infection
What are the 3 main types of hepatitis
Hepatitis A,B,C
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Ingestion of contaminated food & water
Direct contact with an infected person
How can you prevent and treat Hepatitis A?
Prevention: Proper hygiene & Vaccination
There is no treatment
How can you diagnose Hepatitis A?
Blood screening, PCR test to detect the virus RNA
How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
Contact with infected body fluids, mother-child transmission, infected blood or organ transfer
How can you prevent and treat Hepatitis B?
Vaccination, blood screening and improved hygiene
Treatment: Nucleolus ide analogs, pegylated interferon
How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
Intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, blood transfusion or organ transplant
How can you prevent and treat Hepatitis C?
Blood screening, Sanitary healthcare settings, sterile needle for drug injections
Treatment: Direct acting antiviral agents
What are 8 symptoms for Hepatitis A,B,C?
Fever, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Joint Pain & Jaundice
What are 5 ways bloodborne pathogens can enter the body?
- Open cuts, wounds or abrasions on the skin
- Mucus membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)
- Indirect transmission
- Sexual Contact
- Sharp Injuries (needles)
What are the 2 universal precautions?
- Infection control guidelines designed to protect workers from exposure to diseases spread by blood and certain body fluids
- Treat every patient as potentially infectious
What are 3 examples of universal precautions?
- Personal and protective equipment
- Engineering controls
- Work practice controls
What does personal and protective equipment consist of?
Gloves, Lab coats, gowns, shoe covers, goggles, glasses with side shields, masks, resuscitation bags
What does engineering controls consist of?
- Sharp disposal containers
- Laboratory fume hoods
What does work practice controls consist of?
Hand washing, handling of used needles and other
sharp and contaminated instruments, collecting
and transporting fluids
Define airborne diseases and give 5 examples?
Pathogen transmitted by droplets that can suspend and circulate in air (measles, chicken pox, shingles, flu, pneumonia)
Define contact or droplet diseases and give 4 examples?
Spread through direct or indirect contact (fomites/surfaces) with bacteria or viruses (Ebola, pink eye, athlete’s foot, tetanus)
Define Zoonotic and Vector Borne Diseases and give 5 examples?
Caused by infectious agents being transferred between humans and animals directly or via an intermediate carrier such as through bats or fleas. (Lyme Disease, Lyme in Alberta, Zika, Malaria, Rabies, West Nile virus, Avian Bird Flu)
Define Fecal-Oral Disease Transmission and give 5 examples?
Caused when fecal particles are spread to mouth of a person due to poor sanitation or poor hygiene practices. Contaminated soil and water can infect humans too. Wash hands after changing a diaper or using the bathroom can prevent foodborne illness from spreading. (cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, polio and hepatitis A).
What is herd immunity?
The resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination
What is the level of vaccination needed to achieve herd immunity?
The level of vaccination needed to achieve herd immunity varies by disease but ranges from 83 to 94
percent.
What is the exposure plan?
Document which sets out the protocol which should
be followed to prevent communicable disease, and
to respond when a worker is exposed to a communicable disease
How many time does the average person touch their face?
2-3000 times a day
The rate at which a virus multiplies depends on what 3 factors?
- The incubation period
- How long a person is contagious
- How big the population of people which are susceptible is
What is the Ro for the flu, small pox and polio
Flu= 1, Smallpox = 3, Polio = 4-6
