Sports Medicine Lesson 3: Muscle Disorders

Question 1

What is “bow legged”?

Answer 1

The condition is known as Varus and it causes the load bearing axis of the leg to shift medially causing more stress and force on the inner part of the knee

Question 2

What is “knock kneed?

Answer 2

This condition is known as valgus and it causes the load bearing axis of the leg to shift laterally causing more stress and force on the outer part of the knee

Question 3

What is more destructive, valgus or Varus?

Answer 3

Varus

Question 4

What is the prognosis of valgus or Varus?

Answer 4

• Malalignment stresses articular cartilage as well as menisci and ligaments = acute and chronic injury at the knee

Osteoarthritis: May develop knee pain & function problems; obesity can make it worse, keep weight normal

Question 5

What is the treatment of valgus or Varus?

Answer 5

Joint replacement surgery, go to a orthopedic surgeon

Question 6

What is scoliosis?

Answer 6

Curvy spine laterally

Question 7

What are the 4 causes of scoliosis?

Answer 7

Congenital Scoliosis: Caused by a bone abnormality at birth

Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Abnormal muscles or nerves, seen in people with spina bifida or cerebral palsy

Degenerative Scoliosis: Traumatic stuff, bone collapse, thinning of bones, back surgery etc.

Idiopathic Scoliosis: It’s the most common type of scoliosis; has no identifiable cause, heritable

Question 8

What is the most common type of scoliosis?

Answer 8

Idiopathic scoliosis

Question 9

At what degree of curving of the spine should you need surgery?

Answer 9

Greater than 40 degrees

Question 10

Who is more likely to have idiopathic scoliosis, girls or boys?

Answer 10

Girls around 10 -16 yrs old

Question 11

What are the 2 types of treatment for scoliosis?

Answer 11

Braces: 25-40 degrees during teenage years

Surgery: More than 40 degrees

Question 12

What are other spinal column disorders?

Answer 12

Lordosis - swayback (anterior curve in lumbar)

Kyphosis- Hunchback (posterior curve in thoracic)

Question 13

What are 3 joint disorders?

Answer 13

Arthritis: Inflammation of a joint
Bursitis: Inflammation of a fluid filled sac that cushions the joint
Dislocations: Injuries that force bones out of position

Question 14

How many types of arthritis are there?

Answer 14

200 types

Question 15

What are the symptoms of arthritis?

Answer 15

• Pain, aching, stiffness and swelling in and around one or more joints.
• The symptoms can develop gradually or suddenly. Certain
• rheumatic conditions can also involve the immune system and various internal organs of the body.

Question 16

What are 5 causes of arthritis?

Answer 16

Injury
Abnormal Metabolism
Inheritance
Infections
Immune system dysfunction

Question 17

What are 6 treatments for arthritis?

Answer 17

Medications
Physical or occupational therapy
Splints or joint assistive aids
Patient education and support
Weight loss
Surgery - joint replacement and
joint surgery.

Question 18

What is bursitis?

Answer 18

A painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs — called bursae, that cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints.

Question 19

What are the 6 types of fractures?

Answer 19

Simple fracture - bone breaks into 2 pieces

Open/compound fracture - Force of injury makes bone break through skin

Closed Fracture - bone breaks, but skin is still intact

Greenstick Fracture - One side of bone breaks, other side bends due to pressure

Comminuted Fracture - Injury causes bone to shatter into 3 or more pieces

Stress Fracture - Overuse or repetitive motion causes small crack in bone