Muskoskeletal System: Lesson 1

Question 1

What are the 4 types of body tissues?

Answer 1

Nervous, Epithelial, Muscular & Connective

Question 2

What is an example of nervous tissues?

Answer 2

The neurons

Question 3

What are 3 examples of Epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

The skin, nails, mucus membranes

Question 4

What are 4 examples of Muscular Tissue?

Answer 4

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle & myoepithelium

Question 5

What are 5 examples of Connective Tissue

Answer 5

Tendons, bone, cartilage, ligaments and fat

Question 6

What are regional and direction terms in refrence to?

Answer 6

The anatomical position

Question 7

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 7

The starting position for describing any movement as well as the standard point of reference for the human body

Question 8

What does the anatomical position look like?

Answer 8

Standing erect & eyes forward, chin neutral
Standing with feet flat on the ground, legs together and toes pointing forward
Hands down at side and palms facing forward

Question 9

What are the 14 regional and directional terms (7 pairs)?

Answer 9

Anterior/ Ventral
Posterior/ Dorsal
Cranial/Caudal
Superior/Inferior
Medial/Lateral
Proximal/Distal
Superficial/Deep

Question 10

What does anterior, posterior and ventral, dorsal mean?

Answer 10

Anterior/Ventral is looking from the front or something is towards the front of the body

Posterior/Dorsal is looking from the back of the body or something is towards the back of the body

Ex. The heart is posterior/dorsal to the sternum
The sternum is anterior/ventral to the heart

Question 11

What does medial and lateral mean?

Answer 11

Medial means towards the midline of the body

Lateral means away from the midline of the body/ towards the side of the body

Ex. 
Heart lies medial to the lungs
Lungs lie lateral to the heart
Nose lies medial to the eyes
Eyes lie lateral to the nose

Question 12

What does proximal and distal mean?

Answer 12

Proximal means closer to the middle of body/ closer to a joint (closer to the axial body)

Distal means farther away from the middle of the body/ or a joint (further away from the axial body)

Ex.
The thigh is proximal to the foot
The foot is distal to the thigh

Question 13

What does superficial and deep mean?

Answer 13

Superficial means closer to the surface of the body

Deep means further away from the surface of the body

Ex.
The lungs are deep to the sternum
The sternum is superficial to the lungs

Question 14

What does superior and inferior mean?

Answer 14

Superior means at a higher level
Inferior means at a lower level

Ex.
The knees are inferior to the pelvis
Our shoulders are superior to our heart

Question 15

What does cranial and caudal mean?

Answer 15

Cranial means towards the head

Caudal means farther away from the head

Question 16

What are the 3 directional planes?

Answer 16

Sagittal, Frontal/Coronal & Transverse

Question 17

What is sagittal plane mean?

Answer 17

The body is split into left and right halves, this is the one direction plane that has almost equal sides

Question 18

What is the Frontal/Coronal plane mean?

Answer 18

The body is split into anterior and posterior (front & back sides).

Question 19

What is the transverse plane mean?

Answer 19

The body is split just above the naval into superior and inferior halves (upper & lower)

Question 20

What are the 4 movements in sagittal plane?

Answer 20

Flexion, Extension, Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion

• You have hands and feet on both sides so makes sense

Question 21

What are the 6 movements in the frontal plane?

Answer 21

Abduction
Adduction
Elevation
Depression
Inversion
Eversion

Question 22

What are the 3 movement in the transverse plane?

Answer 22

Rotation

Pronation & Supination

Question 23

What are the 3 types of muscles?

Answer 23

Cardiac, Skeletal and Smooth Muscle tissue

Question 24

What does the cardiac muscle do?

Answer 24

Pushes blood through the arteries, veins, blood vessels and heart in the circulatory system;

involuntary muscle

Question 25

What does the smooth muscle do?

Answer 25

Pushes fluids and solids along the digestive tract and performs varied functions in other body systems;

Involuntary muscle

Question 26

What does the skeletal muscle do?

Answer 26

Moves the body by pulling on the bones of the skeleton making it possible to move;

voluntary and makes up 30-40% of your body weight

Question 27

What are the properties of all types of muscles?

Answer 27

Excitability, Contractility, Extensibility & Elasticity

Question 28

What is Excitability?

Answer 28

It’s a property of all muscles; it’s the ability to respond to stimulation

Ex. The muscular system responds to stimulation
from the nervous system and some smooth muscles
respond to circulating hormones

Question 29

What is Contractility?

Answer 29

It’s a property of all muscles;

it’s the ability to shorten actively and apply a pull or tension on connective tissues and bones (flexion)

Question 30

What is Extensibility?

Answer 30

It’s a property of all muscles;

The ability to continue to contract over a range of resting lengths (resting muscles at angles)

Question 31

What is Elasticity?

Answer 31

Its a property of all muscles;

The ability of muscle to rebound towards it’s original length after a contraction (extension)

Question 32

What are the 5 functions of the Muscular system?

Answer 32

• Produce skeletal movement
• Maintain posture and body position
• Support soft tissues
• Regulate entering and exiting of material (poop)
• Maintain body temperature (homeostasis)

Question 33

What are origins & insertions?

Answer 33

An origin is where a muscle originates from or is anchored at

An insertion is where a muscle inserts or connects itself to

• Typically the origin remains unmoved while the insertion moves with muscle contractions

Question 34

What are the 3 action muscles of the muscular system?

Answer 34

Prime mover/agonists, Synergists & Antagonists

Question 35

What is the prime mover/agonist?

Answer 35

A muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing a particular movement (flexion)

Ex. biceps brachii is an example of an agonist producing flexion at the elbow.

Question 36

What is a synergist?

Answer 36

When these contract, they assist the prime movers in their action; May provide addition pull or stabilize the point of origin

Question 37

What is an antagonist?

Answer 37

These oppose the movement of the agonists.

Ex. if the agonist produces flexion (biceps), the antagonist will produce extension (triceps)

Question 38

What are the 7 ways muscles are named?

Answer 38

1. Location to a nearby bone
2. Location related to a body position, insertion and/or origin
3. Size
4. Shape
5. Direction of muscle fibers
6. Number of heads (Biceps & triceps)
7. Action

Question 39

What are the 5 associated soft tissues and organ related to the skeletal muscle?

Answer 39

Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage, Fascia & Skin

Question 40

What does the tendon in the skeletal muscle do?

Answer 40

Attaches a muscle to a bone (Tendons get strained, ligaments get sprained)

Question 41

What does the fascia in the skeletal muscle do?

Answer 41

Connective tissue fibers that form sheets or bands beneath the skin to attach, stabilize, enclose, and separate muscles and other internal organs

Question 42

What does the cartilage in the skeletal muscle do?

Answer 42

A flexible connective tissue found in many parts of the body (mostly at ends of bones for cushioning in between joints). It can bend a bit, but resists stretching. Its main function is to connect bones together, and some types can help shock absorption (corsal cartilages of ribs).

Question 43

What does the ligaments in the skeletal muscle do?

Answer 43

Attaches bone to bone (tendons get strained, ligaments get sprained)

Question 44

What does skin do in the skeletal muscle?

Answer 44

Protection & heat regulation