Sports Medicine Lesson 2

Question 1

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 1

The starting position for describing any movement

Question 2

What are the 5 categories of movements and how many are there for each

Answer 2

Angular Movements: 4 
Circular Movements: 2
Movements specific to Forearm: 2
Movements specific to Ankle: 4
Movements specific to Shoulder: 4

Question 3

What are the 4 angular movements?

Answer 3

Flexion, Extension, Abduction & Adduction

Question 4

What is Flexion & Extension?

Answer 4

Flexion is the angle between 2 body parts decreasing, Extension is the angle between 2 body parts increasing

Question 5

What is Abduction & Adduction?

Answer 5

Abduction is moving body parts away from the midline of the body

Adduction is moving the body parts towards the midline of the body

Question 6

What are the 2 circular movements and what do they do?

Answer 6

Circumduction; a combo of all 4 angular movements; Movement in a circular motion

Rotation (medial & lateral); Moving a body part medially or laterally along its axis

Medial is inwards

Lateral is outwards

Question 7

What are the 2 Special to Forearm movements and what do they do?

Answer 7

Supination; Movement of forearm that allows the arm to be rotated with the palms facing upward

Pronation: Movement of forearm that allows the arm to be rotated with the palms facing downward

Question 8

What are the 4 special to ankle movements and what do they do?

Answer 8

Eversion; Sole of foot away from midline of body

Inversion; Sole of foot towards midline of body

Dorsiflexion; Toes up, heels digging down towards ground

Plantarflexion; Toes down, heels up

Question 9

What are the 4 special to shoulder movements and what do they do?

Answer 9

Depression; Shoulders down/inferiorly towards the foot

Elevation; Shoulders up/superiorly towards head

Retraction: Shoulders back; posteriorly

Protraction: Moving Shoulders forward; anteriorly

Question 10

What are the 8 major muscle groups

Answer 10

1. Abdominal group
2. Biceps
3. Quadriceps group
4. Triceps
5. Rotator Cuff Group
6. Gluteal Group
7. Hamstring Group
8. Calf Group

Question 11

Muscles work in pairs meaning and ex?

Answer 11

When one muscle contracts to pull and flex a muscle, the opposite muscle contracts to pull the muscle back into its original position

When the biceps contract and you shoulder/arm flexes, you triceps contract to pull the muscle back to its original position or to extend.

Question 12

What are the 3 types of ROM and explain them

Answer 12

Passive ROM (PROM): Therapist/Examiner does all the moving of muscles; no effort from patient

Active ROM (AROM): Patient contracts muscles and does all the movement; no effort from therapist/examiner

Active-Assistive ROM (A-AROM): Patient contracts muscles with assistance from therapist/examiner to complete motion

Question 13

What are the 7 principles for ROM testing

Answer 13

1. Test the uninjured/normal side first to compare ROMS because normal ROMS are different for everyone
2. Warn patients that movements might worsen symptoms
3. Give clear instructions to the patient before starting a test
4. Perform as many tests in one position before moving patient to another
5. Active tests should be done before passive tests
6. Any movements that can cause pain should be assessed last so that there is no overload of painful symptoms
7. Never stress a structure beyond a point of pain