Muskoskeletal System: Lesson 2

Question 1

What are the 5 important functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

1. Protect organs & soft tissues
2. To give support to soft tissues
3. To facilitate production of red blood cells
4. To act as a reservoir(holding thing) for minerals
5. To provide attachments for skeletal muscle,
   producing a lever system for body movement.

Question 2

The human skeleton is divided into what 2 skeletons?

Answer 2

Axial & Appendicular

Question 3

What does the axial skeleton conclude of?

Answer 3

The head, Thorax (ribcage) & vertebral column (spine)

Question 4

What does the appendicular skeleton conclude of?

Answer 4

Pelvic gridle bones, bones of upper lower extremities (Lower limbs starting from femur to metatarsals) & pectoral (shoulder) gridle

Question 5

What do the axial skeleton bones conclude of?

Answer 5

• 6 Cranial bones, 14 facial bones
• 6 auditory ossicles
• 1 hyoid (back of throat bone)
• 26 vertebral column bones
• 24 ribs & 1 sternum (manubrium, body & xiphoid process)

Question 6

Altogether how many bones are there in the axial skeleton?

Answer 6

80 bones!

Question 7

What does the appendicular skeleton conclude of?

Answer 7

64 upper extremity (pectoral gridle, upper limbs)

62 lower extremity (pelvic gridle, lower limbs)

Question 8

Al together how many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 8

126 Bones!

Question 9

What are the 5 naming’s and bones that make up the vertebral column? In order

Answer 9

Cervical (7) - C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7
Thoracic (12) - They connect the ribs
Lumbar (5) - L1, L2, L3, L4, L5
Sacrum (5) - S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 - start of pelvis
Coccyx (3-5 fused) - tailbone

Question 10

What is C1 & C2 of the vertebral column called and why is it so important?

Answer 10

C1 is the Atlas & C2 is the axis. The atlas rotates on the dens of the axis and is responsible for all rotation of the neck;

Its the pivot joint

Question 11

What are the 8 facial bones?

Answer 11

F- Frontal
S- Sphenoid
E- Ethmoid
P- Parietal (2)
T- Temporal (2)
O- Occipital

Friends shake ears, parents talk occupations

Question 12

How many facial bones are there but what are the 3 facial bones you need to know?

Answer 12

There are 14 facial bones

The 3 are:
Zygomatic Bones (Cheekbones)
Mandible - Jaw
Maxillary Bone - Upper jaw

Question 13

What are the wrist bones, palm bones & finger bones called?

Answer 13

Carpals, Metacarpals & Phalanges

Question 14

What are the proximal wrist bones (carpals)?

Answer 14

S - Scaphoid - Thumb Bone
L - Lunate
T - Triquetrum
P- Pisiform

Question 15

What are the distal wrist bones (carpals)?

Answer 15

T- Trapezium
T- Trapezoid
C- Capitate
H-Hamate

Trapezium & Trapezoid Capitate Hamilton

Question 16

What are the 5 metacarpals?

Answer 16

They are the palm bones, there’s 5

1 being on the thumb (Radius bone side) & going right to 5 being the pinky (ulna bone side)

Question 17

What are phalanges of the FINGER, how many phalanges are there and why?

Answer 17

Phalanges are the finger bones, there’s 14 altogether (3 on each finger) because the the thumb only has a proximal & distal bone, no middle (intermediate).

*You can tell proximal, middle & distal by looking at your finger markings

Question 18

What are tarsals, metatarsals & phalanges?

Answer 18

It’s your ankle bones, foot & toe bones

Question 19

What are the 7 foot & ankle bones (tarsals)?

Answer 19

T- Talus (medial bone)
C- Calcaneus (lateral bone; Heel)
N - Navicular (above talus)
M - Medial Cuneiform (below 1st metatarsal)
I - Intermediate Cuneiform (below 2nd metatarsal)
L - Lateral Cuneiform (below 3rd metatarsal)
C - Cuboid (Lateral; below 4-5th metatarsal)

Question 20

What are the metatarsals?

Answer 20

The foot’s bones numbered 1-5, 1 being medial toe; 5 being lateral pinkie

Question 21

What are phalanges of the FOOT, how many phalanges are there and why?

Answer 21

The foot also has 14 phalanges (3 on each) as the toes only have proximal and distal bones

Question 22

What 3 parts make us the sternum (breastbone), in order from top to bottom

Answer 22

Manubrium (connects to T1), Body (Connects T2 - T10) & Xiphoid Process

Question 23

What are the 3 types of ribs and explain them?

Answer 23

True ribs :T1-7, (Connects directly to sternum anteriorly)they have their own costal cartilages

False ribs: T8-10, Does not connect directly to sternum & “hitches a ride” with the costal cartilage of T7

Floating ribs: Does not connect to sternum at all (T11 & T12)

Question 24

What is a girdle and what are the 2 gridles?

Answer 24

A girdle is the point where the axial skeleton meets the appendicular skeleton;

Pelvic & Pectoral gridle

Question 25

At what points do the axial skeleton meet the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 25

The pelvic gridle (where the hip bones meet the lower spine) The pectoral gridle (where the shoulder blades meet the sternum)

Question 26

How many pelvic bones does the pelvic gridle have?

Answer 26

2 pelvic bones

Question 27

What 3 fused bones make up the pelvic gridle?

Answer 27

``` The illium (which connects to the sacrum, the top bone) The ischium (The lower 2) The pubis (in line with the sacrum) ``` These are sometimes called the "hip bones"

Question 28

What way does the pelvic gridle connect anteriorly? posteriorly?

Answer 28

Connects anteriorly at the pubic symphysis | Connect posteriorly at the sacrum (The coccyx stands out in the middle)

Question 29

How does the pelvic gridle work?

Answer 29

The head of the femur (thigh bone) connects to the pelvis bones at the acetabulum (cartilage looking white thing above the hole)

Question 30

What does the pectoral gridle consist of?

Answer 30

2 clavicles (collarbones) which connect anteriorly and directly to the axial skeleton via the sternum) 2 scapulas (shoulder blades) connects to the humerus by glenoid cavity (socket on right top of scapula) & connects to the clavicle at the acromion process

Question 31

What are the 6 types of bones?

Answer 31

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, sesamoid & pneumatized

Question 32

What are long bones like?

Answer 32

Long & slender (femur, humerus, fibula, tibia, ulna tec.) Contains bone marrows & produces blood cells

Question 33

What are short bones like?

Answer 33

Boxlike in appearance (carpals & tarsals)

Question 34

What are flat bones like?

Answer 34

- Flat & thin - offers extensive surface area of attachment muscles - Skull bones

Question 35

What are irregular bones like?

Answer 35

Complex shapes, short, flat, ridged, coral like | Vertebral column bones

Question 36

What are sesamoid bones like?

Answer 36

- Develops inside tendons - Most often encountered near knee, hand & feet joints - Few people have sesamoid bones at every location by everyone has a patella (knee cap)

Question 37

What are pneumatized bones like?

Answer 37

- Bones that are hollow or contain numerous air sockets (sinuses) - Ethmoid

Question 38

What is compact bone?

Answer 38

The white bone we see, it covers bone surfaces and it's thickness varies from region to region & bone to bone

Question 39

What is spongy bone?

Answer 39

It's the inside of a bone; looks like red Styrofoam - Reduces weight of bone - Handles stress from different directions better with better ability to absorb shock

Question 40

What does red bone marrow do?

Answer 40

- Produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. | - Gets its red color from the hemoglobin

Question 41

What does yellow bone marrow do?

Answer 41

- Produces fat, cartilage & bone | - Gets its yellow color from the carotenoids in the fat droplets in the high number of fat cells