Muskoskeletal System: Lesson 2 Flashcards
What are the 5 important functions of the skeletal system?
- Protect organs & soft tissues
- To give support to soft tissues
- To facilitate production of red blood cells
- To act as a reservoir(holding thing) for minerals
- To provide attachments for skeletal muscle,
producing a lever system for body movement.
The human skeleton is divided into what 2 skeletons?
Axial & Appendicular
What does the axial skeleton conclude of?
The head, Thorax (ribcage) & vertebral column (spine)
What does the appendicular skeleton conclude of?
Pelvic gridle bones, bones of upper lower extremities (Lower limbs starting from femur to metatarsals) & pectoral (shoulder) gridle
What do the axial skeleton bones conclude of?
- 6 Cranial bones, 14 facial bones
- 6 auditory ossicles
- 1 hyoid (back of throat bone)
- 26 vertebral column bones
- 24 ribs & 1 sternum (manubrium, body & xiphoid process)
Altogether how many bones are there in the axial skeleton?
80 bones!
What does the appendicular skeleton conclude of?
64 upper extremity (pectoral gridle, upper limbs)
62 lower extremity (pelvic gridle, lower limbs)
Al together how many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
126 Bones!
What are the 5 naming’s and bones that make up the vertebral column? In order
Cervical (7) - C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7
Thoracic (12) - They connect the ribs
Lumbar (5) - L1, L2, L3, L4, L5
Sacrum (5) - S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 - start of pelvis
Coccyx (3-5 fused) - tailbone
What is C1 & C2 of the vertebral column called and why is it so important?
C1 is the Atlas & C2 is the axis. The atlas rotates on the dens of the axis and is responsible for all rotation of the neck;
Its the pivot joint
What are the 8 facial bones?
F- Frontal S- Sphenoid E- Ethmoid P- Parietal (2) T- Temporal (2) O- Occipital
Friends shake ears, parents talk occupations
How many facial bones are there but what are the 3 facial bones you need to know?
There are 14 facial bones
The 3 are:
Zygomatic Bones (Cheekbones)
Mandible - Jaw
Maxillary Bone - Upper jaw
What are the wrist bones, palm bones & finger bones called?
Carpals, Metacarpals & Phalanges
What are the proximal wrist bones (carpals)?
S - Scaphoid - Thumb Bone
L - Lunate
T - Triquetrum
P- Pisiform
What are the distal wrist bones (carpals)?
T- Trapezium
T- Trapezoid
C- Capitate
H-Hamate
Trapezium & Trapezoid Capitate Hamilton
What are the 5 metacarpals?
They are the palm bones, there’s 5
1 being on the thumb (Radius bone side) & going right to 5 being the pinky (ulna bone side)
What are phalanges of the FINGER, how many phalanges are there and why?
Phalanges are the finger bones, there’s 14 altogether (3 on each finger) because the the thumb only has a proximal & distal bone, no middle (intermediate).
*You can tell proximal, middle & distal by looking at your finger markings
What are tarsals, metatarsals & phalanges?
It’s your ankle bones, foot & toe bones
What are the 7 foot & ankle bones (tarsals)?
T- Talus (medial bone)
C- Calcaneus (lateral bone; Heel)
N - Navicular (above talus)
M - Medial Cuneiform (below 1st metatarsal)
I - Intermediate Cuneiform (below 2nd metatarsal)
L - Lateral Cuneiform (below 3rd metatarsal)
C - Cuboid (Lateral; below 4-5th metatarsal)
What are the metatarsals?
The foot’s bones numbered 1-5, 1 being medial toe; 5 being lateral pinkie
What are phalanges of the FOOT, how many phalanges are there and why?
The foot also has 14 phalanges (3 on each) as the toes only have proximal and distal bones
What 3 parts make us the sternum (breastbone), in order from top to bottom
Manubrium (connects to T1), Body (Connects T2 - T10) & Xiphoid Process
What are the 3 types of ribs and explain them?
True ribs :T1-7, (Connects directly to sternum anteriorly)they have their own costal cartilages
False ribs: T8-10, Does not connect directly to sternum & “hitches a ride” with the costal cartilage of T7
Floating ribs: Does not connect to sternum at all (T11 & T12)
What is a girdle and what are the 2 gridles?
A girdle is the point where the axial skeleton meets the appendicular skeleton;
Pelvic & Pectoral gridle
At what points do the axial skeleton meet the appendicular skeleton?
The pelvic gridle (where the hip bones meet the lower spine)
The pectoral gridle (where the shoulder blades meet the sternum)
How many pelvic bones does the pelvic gridle have?
2 pelvic bones
What 3 fused bones make up the pelvic gridle?
The illium (which connects to the sacrum, the top bone) The ischium (The lower 2) The pubis (in line with the sacrum)
These are sometimes called the “hip bones”
What way does the pelvic gridle connect anteriorly? posteriorly?
Connects anteriorly at the pubic symphysis
Connect posteriorly at the sacrum (The coccyx stands out in the middle)
How does the pelvic gridle work?
The head of the femur (thigh bone) connects to the pelvis bones at the acetabulum (cartilage looking white thing above the hole)
What does the pectoral gridle consist of?
2 clavicles (collarbones) which connect anteriorly and directly to the axial skeleton via the sternum)
2 scapulas (shoulder blades) connects to the humerus by glenoid cavity (socket on right top of scapula) & connects to the clavicle at the acromion process
What are the 6 types of bones?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, sesamoid & pneumatized
What are long bones like?
Long & slender (femur, humerus, fibula, tibia, ulna tec.)
Contains bone marrows & produces blood cells
What are short bones like?
Boxlike in appearance (carpals & tarsals)
What are flat bones like?
- Flat & thin
- offers extensive surface area of attachment muscles
- Skull bones
What are irregular bones like?
Complex shapes, short, flat, ridged, coral like
Vertebral column bones
What are sesamoid bones like?
- Develops inside tendons
- Most often encountered near knee, hand & feet joints
- Few people have sesamoid bones at every location by everyone has a patella (knee cap)
What are pneumatized bones like?
- Bones that are hollow or contain numerous air sockets (sinuses)
- Ethmoid
What is compact bone?
The white bone we see, it covers bone surfaces and it’s thickness varies from region to region & bone to bone
What is spongy bone?
It’s the inside of a bone; looks like red Styrofoam
- Reduces weight of bone
- Handles stress from different directions better with better ability to absorb shock
What does red bone marrow do?
- Produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
- Gets its red color from the hemoglobin
What does yellow bone marrow do?
- Produces fat, cartilage & bone
- Gets its yellow color from the carotenoids in the fat droplets in the high number of fat cells
