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Sports Medicine 10 > Sports Medicine Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Sports Medicine Lesson 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The study of body structure

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

The study of body functions

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3
Q

Define Pathology

A

The study of diseases

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4
Q

Define Body Systems

A

Group of organs functioning together for the same purpose

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5
Q

Order the level of organization from smallest to largest (13):

A

Atom, Molecule, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome & Biosphere

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6
Q

What is the chemical level?

A

Atoms and molecules

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7
Q

What is the organelle level and what it do?

A

It carries out functions within the cell. Ex of organelles are: vacuoles, nucleus, mitochondria etc.

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8
Q

What is the cell level?

A

Smallest unit of life made up of many organelles

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9
Q

What is the tissue level?

A

Bonds of cells with same general structure and function

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10
Q

What is the organ level?

A

Bonds of different tissue types that carry out a specific function

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11
Q

What is the organ system level?

A

Two or more organs that work together to carry out a function like digestion or movement

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12
Q

Define organism:

A

Multi-functioning being

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13
Q

What does homeostasis mean?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment despite changes to external environment (regulation of body temp, blood pressure and sugar, heart rate, respiration rate etc.)

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14
Q

What 2 systems is homeostasis primarily controlled by?

A

Nervous and endocrine system

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15
Q

What feedback is for homeostasis and what feedback is for body processes

A

Negative feedback for homeostasis

Positive feedback for body processes like a baby being born

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16
Q

What are feedback loops?

A

Method for keeping body conditions within a normal range

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17
Q

What does cold-blooded mean?

A

A cold blooded (ectotherm) organisms body temperature fluctuates with the environment outside

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18
Q

What does warm-blooded mean?

A

Our body works hard to keep our internal body temperature constant; endotherm

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19
Q

Define Negative feedback:

A

When some variable triggers a counteracting response in order to come back to a constant state; there’s usually opposite counteracting responses

  • Variable throws body off balance mostly because of external factors
  • Body counteracts in response
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20
Q

Define Positive feedback:

A

Instead of getting a counteracting response, positive feedback intensifies the variable; helps with body processes

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21
Q

What are the main structures of the nervous system?

A

The Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems

The CNS: Brain and spinal cord; responsible for higher thinking like memory, emotions etc.

The PNS: Sensory & Motor Division

Sensory Division: picks up sensory stimuli and sends that information to your brain through signals

Motor division: sends commands from your brain to your muscles, glands and systems

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22
Q

What is the somatic & autonomic system part of and what it do?

A

It’s part of the nervous system in the motor division

  • The somatic nervous system: Is voluntary & controls all skeletal movement
  • The autonomic (involuntary) nervous system: Controls heartbeat, digestion, breathing etc
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23
Q

What are the 2 subparts to the autonomic nervous system and what it do?

A
  • The sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system
  • Sympathetic: Fight, Flight or Freeze, your body response to fear
  • Parasympathetic: Rest & Digest; Calm down after the fear
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24
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Electrical messages to control the entire body are moved around the body by neurons that interact with other neurons to pass on information via neurotransmitters at a synapse (the site of transmission)

25
Q

How does the nervous system do its job?

A

Axons pass on info
Dendrites receive info
Myelin is a fatty insulating material on the axon and the exposed neuron parts of the axon are called “nodes of Ranvier” that allow signals to pass down the nerve faster and create almost instantaneous action

26
Q

What 3 independent parts make up the circulatory system?

A

The cardiovascular, pulmonary and systemic systems

Cardiovascular: Heart
Pulmonary: Lungs
Systemic: Arteries, Veins, coronary & portal vessels

27
Q

What are capillaries?

A

They form the connection between the vessels that carry blood away from the heart (arteries) and the vessels that return blood to the heart (veins)

28
Q

What 4 things does the circulatory system do?

A
  • Delivers oxygen, nutrients like glucose & hormones to cells
  • Transports water, heat & white blood cells
  • Takes away wastes such as CO2 from cells
  • Connects all 11 organ systems to survive as one complex organism
29
Q

What brings deoxygenated blood back to heart and what spread blood through out body?

A

Veins bring back, arteries transports blood through blood vessels

30
Q

What are the 3 main structures of the muscular system?

A
  • Cardiac Muscle: Makes up the thick mid center of the heart that is always repetitively contracting and relaxing. Is responsible for pumping blood out and relaxing to allow blood to flow back in without getting fatigued
  • Skeletal Muscle: Allows all movement of body, only voluntary muscle of the 3
  • Smooth Muscle Tissue: Can be found on walls of hollow organs, smooth muscles are used to push out urine and also to move food through the digestive tract
31
Q

What are the parts of the Respiratory system

A

Conducting zone and respiratory zone

32
Q

What is the conducting zone and what does it consist of?

A
  • Conducting Zone: Includes any part that allows air into and out of lungs
    • Nasal Cavity
      • Pharynx
    • Trachea
    • Bronchi
    • Most bronchioles
33
Q

What is the respiratory zone and what does it consist of?

A
  • Respiratory Zone: Includes structures associated with lungs that have direct contact with gas exchange
    • Alveoli
    • Terminal Bronchioles
34
Q

what are the 7 organs of the digestive system?

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum and anus

35
Q

Why is the digestive system important?

A

The digestive system is important because you need food for energy, repairing cells and growth

36
Q

How does the digestive system work?

A

Food & Liquid is broken down into smaller parts by mouth, moved through esophagus by muscles, down into the stomach where nutrients are absorbed by villi in small intestine, large intestine absorbs water, moves poop down to rectum and your anus poops.

37
Q

What 4 big groups does the skeletal system contain?

A

Ligaments, Tendons, bones and joints

38
Q

The skeletal system is separated into 2 groups and they are:

A
  • Axial Skeleton: Protection to brain, spinal cord and other vital organs
  • Appendicular Skeleton: Lower & upper limbs like your arms or legs
39
Q

What are 3 things the skeletal system does?

A
  • works as structure support, enables you to move
  • Different parts of the skeletal system supports different functions
    - Skull shields brain
    - Ribs protect lungs
    - Backbone protects spine etc.
  • Stores minerals, Creates blood cells, platelets & plasma, provides protection and stores vitamins and calcium.
40
Q

What are the 2 main structures of the reproductive system?

A

Ovaries and Testes (egg and sperm cells)

41
Q

What are the 4 functions of the reproductive system?

A
  • to produce egg & sperm cells
  • to transport and sustain these cells
  • to care for developing offspring
  • To produce hormones like testosterone (male), estrogen & progesterone (female)
42
Q

How does the female reproductive system work?

A

The egg cells are produced by the ovaries which are then transported into the fallopian tube, where the sperm cells may begin fertilization with the egg cell. Once the egg cells are fertilized, it begins transportation to the uterus

43
Q

What are the 5 main structures of the urinary system?

A
  • The kidneys
  • Renal Pelvis
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
44
Q

How does the urinary system work?

A
  • 2 kidneys remove waste from your body, balances fluids and regulates blood pressure
  • The renal pelvis inside the center of the kidney is where urine is collected and guided to ureters
  • Ureters are 2 long tubes that carry urine to bladder
  • Bladder allows u to control urine, urethra allows you to pee
45
Q

What 2 things does the kidney aid in with the urinary system?

A

The urinary system is important because the kidney regulates blood pressure and produces erythropoietin which controls red blood cell production

The kidneys also regulate acid-base balance and conserve fluids

46
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system?

A

Cutaneous membrane & Accessory structures

47
Q

What does the Cutaneous membrane consist of?

A
  • Epidermis: Protects dermis and controls skin to allow liquids & gases to pass through it
  • Dermis
    • Papillary Layer: Supports epidermis
    • Reticular Layer: Restricts spread of pathogens to the epidermis
48
Q

What does the Accessory Structures consist of?

A
  • Hair Follicles: Produces hairs that protect skull
  • Exocrine Glands: Assists in thermoregulation and excretes waste
  • Nails: Protects and supports tips of fingers and toes
49
Q

What are the 5 main parts of the immune system?

A

Thymus, Lymphatic vessels & nodes, Bone marrow, Spleen & appendix

50
Q

What 2 parts of the immune system produces white blood cells and what type of white blood cells does the 2nd one produce?

A

Bone marrow and thymus, thymus produces killer T-Cells

51
Q

What does your spleen do in the immune system

A

stores white blood cells as well as filtering your blood and destroying harmed red blood cells

52
Q

What is your first level of defense if a pathogen enters your body?

A

The innate immune system is your first level of defense that protects you

Different types of innate immunity > Physical Barriers
( skin, eyes) specific immunities (helps with vaccines) >Defense Mechanisms (anti bodies)

53
Q

What are the 9 organs of the endocrine system?

A 
The adrenal gland
Pituitary gland
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Thymus
Pancreas
Ovary/testes
Hypothalamus
54
Q

What does the pituitary gland do in the endocrine system/

A

Releases hormones that maintains blood pressure & balances metabolism

55
Q

What does the hypothalamus and pituitary do?

A
  • Hypothalamus: Releases hormones that send signals to pituitary gland
  • Pituitary: Produces hormones that controls a lot of the work in the endocrine system
56
Q

What does the pineal do in the endocrine system?

A

Releases melatonin in the body as a signal to sleep

57
Q

What does the thyroid and parathyroid do in the endocrine system?

A

Thyroid is important in metabolism; Parathyroid regulates body calcium intake

58
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

The endocrine system regulates body of glands where hormones are directed into bloodstream, it also targets metabolism, growth (puberty), tissue function & mood

59
Q

Where do hormones come from and what do they do?

A

hormones are complex chemicals which comes from endocrine tissue then travels into bloodstream where skin triggers a response

Sports Medicine 10 (11 decks)

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