Sports Injury Flashcards
List the classifications of injuries
Acute, Chronic and Overuse
Define an acute injury
Acute-Immediate pain and impaired function,
Define a chronic injury
Chronic-Begins as acute then reoccurs due to weakness in the area,
Define an overuse injury
Overuse-Excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint
Define a fracture
Fracture is a break in a bone.
Define a strain
Strain = torn muscle or tendon, e.g. strained hamstring
Define a sprain
Sprain = torn ligament, e.g. sprained ankle.
Define a contusion
Contusion = burst blood vessels inside the body that dry hard and inhibit movement eg knee in the thigh.
Define a cut or laceration
When the skin is damaged, generally via a direct blow
Contrast direct and indirect injuries
Direct injuries are caused by external force such as a collission and cause injuries such as a fracture or contusion, where as indirect injuries are caused by internal force such as overstretching and lead to strains and sprains
Explain the difference between soft and hard tissue
Hard tissue is bones and teeth, where as soft tissue is muscles and connective tissue
Describe a soft tissue injury
When the connective tissue or muscle fibres cannot cope with the stress being placed on them or a joint is overextended
Describe a hard tissue injury
A break in a bone or tooth.
Outline the 3 grades of muscle tears
Grade 1: Minimum number of fibres torn, Grade 2: Significant number of fibres torn, Grade 3: Complete tear of all fibres
Explain the difference between an open(simple) and closed (compound) fracture
A closed fracture is a break in a bone that stays under the skin where as an open fracture is a break where the bone breaks the skin.
List the two type of hard tissue injuries
Fracture and dislocation
Describe a fracture
Fracture is a break in a bone.
Describe a dislocation
Dislocations occur at a joint and involve the bones forming the joint being displaced
Explain the difference between a dislocation and sublaxation
Sublaxations are partial dislocations.
Describe overuse injuries
Caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint.
Outline the Pain Cycle in oversuse injuries
Overload, Tissue injury, Continued activity, Pain, Inflamation, tissue injury
Describe Osteitis Pubis
Irritation or overuse of the joint between the pubic bones of the pelvis
Patella tendonitis
Inflammation of the patella tendon
Tennis or golfers elbow
Swelling of the tendons in the elbow and arm
Describe Arthritis
Arthritis is characterised by inflammation of the joints in the body, causing pain and stiffness
Describe Juvenile arthritis
Arthritis that occurs in children under 16 years of age, where the immune system attacks healthy tissue in and around the joints of the body
Describe Osteoarthritis
A degenerative condition resulting from overuse, or wear and tear, of a joint, mostly affecting the weight-bearing joints of the hip, knee or ankle but can also affect the hands and spine
Describe Rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic disease resulting from an autoimmune response of the body.
Describe Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a degeneration of structure, density and strength of bone
Describe back pain
Back problems can affect the bones, joints, tissues and nerves of the back
List the High-risk characteristics that make a sport more likely to cause injury
High levels of physical contact, High impact activity, Heavy physical demands, High training volume, Long seasons of competition with no breaks
Describe how a warm up prepares the body physiologically
Increases heart rate and respiratory rate, resulting in increased delivery of blood and oxygen to working muscles, increases temperature of muscles, therefore increases flexibility by increasing range of motion around the joint. This decreases the risk of injury, particularly muscle strains and tears.
List the two components of a warm up
General and specific
List the benefits of an active recovery
Prevent venous pooling, remove lactic acid, reduce muscle soreness and return body to resting state
List the ways to make protective equipment effective
Worn during training and games, fits correctly, is specific to the sport, size and age of the athlete and is regularly checked and maintained.
List some common examples of protective equipment
Mouthguards, glasses, helmet, shin pads, shoes, gloves, chest padding
List the three types of taping and bracing
Rigid taping, kinesiology taping and bracing
List the advantages and disadvantages of rigid taping
Advantages are reduces chance and severity of injury. Disadvantage is reduced circutlation, iritation and cost
List the advantages and disadvantages of kinesiology taping
Advantages are it supports the muscles while not compromising range of motion. Disadvantage is it has to be fitted by a professional and is expensive
List the advantages and disadvantages of wearing a brace
Advantages are they last longer than tape and can be put on yourself. Disadvantages are the initial expense and they can be bulky.
