Body Systems Flashcards
List the Skeletal System Functions
Body movement, protection, framework, mineral storage and production of red blood cells
List the 5 types of Bones
Short, Long, Sesamoid, Flat and Irregular
List 6 bones in the arm
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phlanges
List 7 bones in the leg
Femur, Patella, Fibula, Tibia, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phlanges
List 5 bones in the trunk / shoulder
Ribs, vertebrae, sternum, clavicle, scapula
List the 3 types of connective tissue.
Cartilage, Ligaments and tendons.
Outline Cartilage
Smooth slightly elastic. Protects bones by absorbing impact force
Outline Tendons
Inelastic and very strong. Allow movement by attaching muscle to bones
Outline Ligaments
Joins bone to bone, cross over joints, Slightly elastic, Provide stability at joint to assist in prevent dislocation.
List the 3 types of Joint Classifications
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Outline Fibrous joints
Bones are bound by a tough fibrous tissue. They are fixed and immovable. For example the skull, pelvis and sacrum.
Outline Cartilaginous joints
Bones that are entirely joined by cartilage. More moveable than fibrous. Eg at ends of ribs / sternum.
Outline Synovial Joints
Fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule. They are freely movable and are the most common type of joint found in the body.
List the 2 types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket, hinge
Outline Ball and Socket joints
Can move in all directions. Eg Hip and Shoulder joints
Outline Hinge Joints
Backwards and forwards movements (flexion/extension). Eg Elbow knee
List the functions of the muscular system
Body movement, bodily functions, posture
List 5 muscles in the legs
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior
List 6 muscles in the trunk/shoulder
Deltoid, Pectorals, Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Abdominals, Erector Spinae
Outline Reciprocal Inhibition using an example
Muscle work in pairs or groups to produce movement. One muscle contracts whilst the other muscle relaxes. Eg. Quadriceps contract to kick a football while the hamstrings relax
Outline the Agonist
This muscle causes the major action. Eg During the bicep curl up phase the bicep is agonist
Outline the Antagonist
This muscle will relax and lengthen to allow a movement to occur. Eg In a bicep curl up phase the bicep is agonist and tricep is antagonist
Outline Stabilisers
These muscles ensure the joint remains stable while the agonist and antagonists are working. Eg when kicking a football the erector spinae and rectus abdominis will contract to stabilise the body.
What releases the energy for muscular contraction?
The high energy bond between the second and third phosphate in ATP breaking apart.
What factors affect which fuels are used?
Fuel availability, 02 availability and intensity / rate of ATP resynthesis.
What are carbohydrates stored as in the blood and muscle.
Blood is glucose. Muscle is glycogen
What are fats stored as in the blood and muscle.
free fatty acids in the blood. Triglycerides in the muscle
What are proteins stored as in the blood and muscle.
Amino acids in the blood and muscle in the muscle.
What percentage of fats and carbs are used at rest and sub max?
Rest is 33% carbs and 66% fats. At sub max it is 66% carbs and 33% fats.
List the CP systems rate, intensity, yeild and duration.
Very fast rate, 100% intensity, .7mol and 10 second duration.
List the Aerobic Glycolysis systems rate, intensity, yeild and duration.
Slow, 85% intensity, 36-38 mol, 30 seconds +
List the Anaerobic Glycolysis systems rate, intensity, yeild and duration.
Fast, 95% intensity, 2 mol, 20 second duration.
Explain what pyruvic acid is
pyruvic acid occurs as a result of glycolysis (Which is the breaking down of glycogen and hence happens in both the anaerobic glycolysis system and the aerobic glycolysis system)
