Body Systems

Question 1

List the Skeletal System Functions

Answer 1

Body movement, protection, framework, mineral storage and production of red blood cells

Question 2

List the 5 types of Bones

Answer 2

Short, Long, Sesamoid, Flat and Irregular

Question 3

List 6 bones in the arm

Answer 3

Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phlanges

Question 4

List 7 bones in the leg

Answer 4

Femur, Patella, Fibula, Tibia, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phlanges

Question 5

List 5 bones in the trunk / shoulder

Answer 5

Ribs, vertebrae, sternum, clavicle, scapula

Question 6

List the 3 types of connective tissue.

Answer 6

Cartilage, Ligaments and tendons.

Question 7

Outline Cartilage

Answer 7

Smooth slightly elastic. Protects bones by absorbing impact force

Question 8

Outline Tendons

Answer 8

Inelastic and very strong. Allow movement by attaching muscle to bones

Question 9

Outline Ligaments

Answer 9

Joins bone to bone, cross over joints, Slightly elastic, Provide stability at joint to assist in prevent dislocation.

Question 10

List the 3 types of Joint Classifications

Answer 10

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 11

Outline Fibrous joints

Answer 11

Bones are bound by a tough fibrous tissue. They are fixed and immovable. For example the skull, pelvis and sacrum.

Question 12

Outline Cartilaginous joints

Answer 12

Bones that are entirely joined by cartilage. More moveable than fibrous. Eg at ends of ribs / sternum.

Question 13

Outline Synovial Joints

Answer 13

Fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule. They are freely movable and are the most common type of joint found in the body.

Question 14

List the 2 types of Synovial Joints

Answer 14

Ball and Socket, hinge

Question 15

Outline Ball and Socket joints

Answer 15

Can move in all directions. Eg Hip and Shoulder joints

Question 16

Outline Hinge Joints

Answer 16

Backwards and forwards movements (flexion/extension). Eg Elbow knee

Question 17

List the functions of the muscular system

Answer 17

Body movement, bodily functions, posture

Question 18

List 5 muscles in the legs

Answer 18

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior

Question 19

List 6 muscles in the trunk/shoulder

Answer 19

Deltoid, Pectorals, Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Abdominals, Erector Spinae

Question 20

Outline Reciprocal Inhibition using an example

Answer 20

Muscle work in pairs or groups to produce movement. One muscle contracts whilst the other muscle relaxes. Eg. Quadriceps contract to kick a football while the hamstrings relax

Question 21

Outline the Agonist

Answer 21

This muscle causes the major action. Eg During the bicep curl up phase the bicep is agonist

Question 22

Outline the Antagonist

Answer 22

This muscle will relax and lengthen to allow a movement to occur. Eg In a bicep curl up phase the bicep is agonist and tricep is antagonist

Question 23

Outline Stabilisers

Answer 23

These muscles ensure the joint remains stable while the agonist and antagonists are working. Eg when kicking a football the erector spinae and rectus abdominis will contract to stabilise the body.

Question 24

What releases the energy for muscular contraction?

Answer 24

The high energy bond between the second and third phosphate in ATP breaking apart.

Question 25

What factors affect which fuels are used?

Answer 25

Fuel availability, 02 availability and intensity / rate of ATP resynthesis.

Question 26

What are carbohydrates stored as in the blood and muscle.

Answer 26

Blood is glucose. Muscle is glycogen

Question 27

What are fats stored as in the blood and muscle.

Answer 27

free fatty acids in the blood. Triglycerides in the muscle

Question 28

What are proteins stored as in the blood and muscle.

Answer 28

Amino acids in the blood and muscle in the muscle.

Question 29

What percentage of fats and carbs are used at rest and sub max?

Answer 29

Rest is 33% carbs and 66% fats. At sub max it is 66% carbs and 33% fats.

Question 30

List the CP systems rate, intensity, yeild and duration.

Answer 30

Very fast rate, 100% intensity, .7mol and 10 second duration.

Question 31

List the Aerobic Glycolysis systems rate, intensity, yeild and duration.

Answer 31

Slow, 85% intensity, 36-38 mol, 30 seconds +

Question 32

List the Anaerobic Glycolysis systems rate, intensity, yeild and duration.

Answer 32

Fast, 95% intensity, 2 mol, 20 second duration.

Question 33

Explain what pyruvic acid is

Answer 33

pyruvic acid occurs as a result of glycolysis (Which is the breaking down of glycogen and hence happens in both the anaerobic glycolysis system and the aerobic glycolysis system)