Sport In Inustrial + Post Industrial Britain Flashcards
characteristics of rational recreation
- emphasis on fair play
- regular play
- complex rules written by NGB’s
- officials to enforce rules
- purpose built facilities
- had positions which performer became specialised in to help them win
social and cultural influences on the development of rational recreation
- industrial revolution
- urbanisation
- transport revolution
- communications
- influence of the church
- emergence of the middle class in a three-tier society
- british empire
- public provision and its influence on the devlopment and spread of rational recreation
- development of national governing bodies
industrial revolution
led to more of the population being concentrated in towns and cities and working in factories as opposed to living in the countryside and working off the land
negative effects of industrial revolution on sports and pastimes
- due to migration into urban areas led to lack of space to play mob football
- lack of leisure time due to long working days
- lack of income
- poot health
- loss of rights
- lack of public provisions
advantages of industrial revolution on sports and pastimes
- health and hygiene improved
- gradual increase of wages
- new middle class developed
- values of athleticism pass to lower class
- industrial patronage
- improvements of transport and communications
- cheaper to travel
urbanisation
- is large numbers of people migrating from rural areas into cities. key features;
> lack of space
> large working-class populations
> loss of traditional sports
> change in working conditions
transport revolution
how development of railways helped development of sport;
- faster and further travel for performers
- improved access to parts of the country
- cheaper train travel
- improved access to country side
communications
- improvement to education for working class led to improvements of in their reading and writing abilities
- communications improved as society became more literate. increased knowledge and awareness of sport. led to emergence of sporting heroes as people could read reports and relate to performers
influence of the church
- helped to promote sport and recreation among local communities
why;
> encouraged social control
> viewed as a good way to promote Christian values
how;
> encouraged working class to participate
> church organised teams, set up clubs and organised comps
> provided facilities such as their church halls and playing fields
emergence of the middle class in a three-tier society
key ways members of middle class supported the development of sport;
- codification
- competitions developed via middle class development
- public provision - facilities developed by middle class via ‘local politicians’
- increased leisure time
- move to ‘professionalism’
British empire
sport is seen as a very good and powerful way of installing moral values into people across the world and of binding the various people of the British empire together. young men educated to become leaders of the British empire spread the playing of games in a number of ways;
- as teachers they developed teams + taught values in schools throughout empire
- as factory owners set up teams and give time off to play competitive sport
- clergy developed church teams or became missionaries and took sport abroad
- officers in British army used sport with armed services and spread sport throughout the empire
- diplomats travelled the world and took sport with them
- they formed national governing bodies of sport which codified sports and established leagues and competitions which eventually spread internationally as well as nationally
public provision and its influence on the development and spread of rational recreation
- public baths in urban areas + industrial areas positively influenced the opportunities for working-class recreation
- to combat poor living conditions and improve the health and hygiene of the working class, local authorities felt responsibility to apply for grants to provide public washing facilities + improve status as a town
- increased public provision was made in the second half of the nineteenth century.
- plunge baths developed for recreational use
- such involvement was seen as a means of social control of the working class keeping them away from violence
- also helped to improve productivity at work as workers became healthier.
development of national governing bodies NGB’s
NGB’s developed in mid to late nineteenth century;
- sport became increasingly popular with more widespread playing of sport
- more leagues and clubs were forming
- leagues + comps required for these teams to compete in
- more national and international fixtures being organised
- codification agreed nationally
amateurism and professionalism
- amateur = someone who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain
- professionalism = someone who plays sport for the financial gain
- upper class wealthy so could afford not to work and play sport whenever
- the working class had to make money from sport or they couldn’t afford to play
the gentleman amateur in the nineteenth-century Britain
- came from public school
- had a high social position in society
- had wealth + didn’t need financial compensation to play sport
- had lots of free time to play
- viewed sports participation as good for character building
- played lots of sports
- played to high moral code with emphasis on fair play