Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

joint types + articulating bones

Answer 1

joint -> joint type -> articulating bones
ankle -> hinge -> talus, tibia, fibula
knee -> hinge -> femur, tibia
hip -> ball+socket -> pelvis, femur
shoulder -> ball+socket -> scapula, humerus
elbow -> hinge -> radius, ulna, humerus

Question 2

joint actions in the sagittal plane about a transverse axis

Answer 2

flexion
extension
plantar-flexion
dorsi-flexion

Question 3

joint actions in the frontal plane about a sagittal axis

Answer 3

abduction
adduction

Question 4

joint actions in the transverse plane about a longitudinal axis

Answer 4

horizontal abduction
horizontal adduction

Question 5

agonists + antagonists

Answer 5

agonists = muscle responsible for the movement occurring
antagonist = the muscle that works in opposition to the agonist

e.g. elbow flexion;
- agonist = Biceps
- antagonist = Triceps

Question 6

types of muscle contractions

Answer 6

isotonic;
- concentric = when muscle shortens under tension
- eccentric contraction = when muscle lengthens under tension
isometric contraction;
- isometric = the the muscle stays the same length when under tension.