Respiratory System Flashcards
Spirometer
Tidal volume = volume of air inspired or expired per breath
Minute ventilation = volume of air inspired or expired per minute
Inspiratory reserve volume = volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
Expiratory reserve volume = volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
Residual volume = volume of air that remains in lungs after maximum expiration
Gaseous exchange
Concerned with getting O2 into lungs to be diffused into blood and get transported to cells in body + removal of CO2 to diffuse back out into the air
3 factors involved in regulation of pulmonary ventilation
Neural control
Chemical control
Hormonal control
Neural and chemical regulation of pulmonary ventilation
Sympathetic nerve - prepares body for exercise
Parasympathetic nerve - lowers breathing rate
Proprioceptors = detect increase in muscle movement
Baroreceptors = detect blood pressure decrease
Role of proprioceptors + baroreceptors in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation
Proprioceptors = detect increase in movement. Provide feedback to respiratory centre to increase breathing during exercise
Baroreceptors = detects a decrease in blood pressure. Results in an increase in breathing rate
Hormonal regulation of pulmonary ventilation during exercise
Adrenaline
Is released in response to exercise
Causes increased breathing rate
Which is in prep for exercise + the high demand to take in more O2 + remove CO2
Impact of poor lifestyle choices on respiratory system
Smoking
- causes more co2 to bind to haemoglobin instead of oxygen. Meaning reduction of o2 carrying capacity in blood.
- increases breathlessness caused by swelling + narrowing of lung airways
- causes irritation of the trachea + bronchi
- reduced lung function
- damage to cells lining airways from smoke = excess mucus = smokers cough
- reduction of efficient gas exchange = increase chance of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
