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Physical Education > Sport and Society > Flashcards

Sport and Society Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Pre-Industrial Britain

A
  • Limited transport and communication
  • Clear Class Division
  • Limited Free Time
  • Wide spread Illiteracy
  • People lived in rural areas
  • Rates of crime and violence were high
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2
Q

What are popular recreations

A

The sport and pastimes of people in Pre-Industrial Britain

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3
Q

Characteristics of popular recreation

A
  • Usually took place on holy days so mostly annual events (Due to long hours working)
  • Usually only local events (transport was limited)
  • No rules, if rules only basic (Low literacy rate)
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4
Q

What were activities like (Pre 1780)

A 
. Male dominated 
. Extremely aggressive 
. Reflected harsh society 
. Lots of injuries 
. Lots of property damage
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5
Q

Examples of popular recreational activities (Pre Industrial)

A

. Mob Football (Lower)
. Real tennis (upper)
. Athletics (upper)

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6
Q

4 C’s of Pre-Industrial

A

Cruel
Clear class division
Countryside
Communications

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7
Q

Characteristics of mob football

A

. Localised
. Played by lower-class
. Played in fields with natural resources

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8
Q

Characteristics of real tennis

A

. Played by upper class
. Played non-locally
. Technically difficult
. Played in civilised manor

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9
Q

Patron defined

A

Member of the gentry who looked after the lower-class performer e.g by arranging competitions for them to participate in, putting up prize money and generally looking after the welfare of the performer.

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10
Q

Differences between Real Tennis and Mob Football

A

. Class separation
. Tennis had set rules, whereas football had none
. Football was violent whereas tennis was ‘played by gentlemen’
. Football was played with natural resources whereas tennis used expensive equipment

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11
Q

What is rational recreation

A

In the 19th century, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled

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12
Q

What were the consequences of the industrial revolution

A

. Led to more of the population being concentrated in towns and cities working in factories, as opposed to living in the countryside and working off land
. Lead to changes in pastimes and rationalised sport

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13
Q

Development of rational recreations

A

. ‘Rational’ shows that a level of order, Structure and logic began to be applied
. This lead to a number of socio cultural factors that developed ‘mass sport’ in such a society

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14
Q

Negative effects of rationalised sports during the first half of the 19th century

A 
. Lack of leisure time 
. Lack of income 
. Migration of the lower classes into the cities 
. Poor health 
. Loss of rights 
. Lack of public provisions
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15
Q

Why would poor health effect playing rationalised sports

A

. Meant you had little energy to play the sport

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16
Q

How did a lack of income effect people playing rationalised sports

A

Meant there was little spare income to spend of leisure

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17
Q

Remember HITFOR

A 
. H= Poor HEALTH and HYGIENE 
. I= Lack of INCOME 
. T = Lack of TIME 
. F= FACILITY provisioning was lacking 
. O= OVERCROWDING and a lack of space 
. R= Loss of RIGHTS
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18
Q

Who was Dr William Penny Brookes

A

Founder of the Wenlock Olympian games in 1850

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19
Q

When was the first Wenlock Olympic Games

A

1850

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20
Q

What was the Wenlock Olympic Games used to promote

A

Promoted moral, physical and intellectual improvements

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21
Q

Define Urbanisation

A

Large numbers of people Migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories

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22
Q

4 vital clubs of urbanisation contributing to sport

A

Lack of work space
Loss of traditional sports
Large working class population
Change in working conditions

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23
Q

Impact of improved transport on sport

A

. Trains got faster, more time for matches
. Field sports more accessible (eg climbing)
. Spectators could follow team away
. National leagues set up, Unified rules

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24
Q

How did the railway develop sport

A 
Movement of teams/spectators 
Improved access to countryside 
Cheaper train trace, 
Improved access to the countryside
(Martin Always Creates Chaos)
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25
Q

Philanthropists

A

Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class

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26
Q

Public Provisions

A

Local council provisions of facilities eg recreational sport for the masses to participate

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27
Q

9 Characteristics of Rational Recreation

A

1) Played regionally, nationally and internationally
2) Respectable (Fair play)
3) Regular
4) Rule Based (Codification)
5) Gambling controlled
6) Impact on religion
7) Impact on revolutions
8) Purpose built facilities
9) Amateurism and professionalism

28
Q

Reasons for formation of NGB’S

A

. Threats of professionalism/commercialisation
. More clubs forming
. Rules and codification required
. More leagues required
. Diff public schools played different versions of sport- problems when boys moved on
. More fixtures required
. Maintain amateur ideal
. Maintenance of control of sport among the middle and upper class

29
Q

How was the FA formed

A

Ebenezer Morley, a London solicitor who formed Barnes FC in 1862, could be called the ‘father’ of The Association. He wasn’t a public school man but old boys from several public schools joined his club and there were ‘feverish’ disputes about the way the game should be played.

30
Q

Why did some NGB’S try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport

A 
. Due to desire of the upper class/ middle to maintain control of sport 
. Preserve amateur ideal in sport 
. Maintain exclusivity- didn’t want to mix the upper/middle class with the lower class 
. Didn’t like losing to the working class (professionals)
31
Q

Amateur defined

A

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain

32
Q

Professionals defined

A

A person who plays sport for financial gain

33
Q

Positive impacts on amateurism

A 
. Elite sports dominated by the upper and middle class
. Code of amateurism 
. Belonging to the social elite 
. Participation in sport 
. All rounder regarded highly
34
Q

Working class professionals

A 
. Had low status + couldn’t afford to play 
. Came from poor backgrounds 
. Perceived to be corruptible
. Paid according to result 
. Foul play and gamesmanship often used
35
Q

Bosman Ruling

A

A European Court of Justice decision made on the 15th December 1995 concerning freedom of movement for workers. An important decision as it allowed the freedom movement of labour in the EU. It effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer being paid

36
Q

Commercialisation

A

Process of attempting to gain money from an activity eg sport

37
Q

Merchandising

A

Practice in which the brand or image from ‘one’ product is used to sell another eg pro sport

38
Q

Sponsorship

A

When a company pays for their products to be a publicly displayed or advertised, usually as an attempt to increase the sales of their goods.

39
Q

Characteristics of Commercialisation in sport

A 
. Professional sport 
. Wide media coverage 
. Entertainment 
. Contracts 
. Athletes as commodities 
. Sponsorship and business
40
Q

Society

A

an organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest

41
Q

Socialisation

A

A lifelong process where members of a society learns its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society

42
Q

Internalisation

A

The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself

43
Q

Gender socialisation

A

Act of leaning to conform to culturally define gender roles through socialisation

44
Q

Primary Socialisation

A

Occurs during the early stage of childhood and takes place mainly with the immediate family ie patents and siblings

45
Q

Secondary Socialisation

A

Occurs during the later years when family is less involved and other agencies are deliberately set up for socialisation process and bring to exert more influence eg peer groups, friends

46
Q

Social Processes

A

This refers to forms of social interaction taking place between individuals and groups, which occur again and again

47
Q

Social Control

A

This refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems

48
Q

Social Change

A

Is an alteration in the social order of society ie significant changes in social behaviours leading to long term effects. Sporting activities can be used to to try to bring about social change in a positive way

49
Q

Social Issues

A

Are problems/conflicts the affect considerable numbers in society eg disability/drug abuse/poor health linked to limited activity

50
Q

Inequality

A

This refers to the unfair situation in which resources/opportunities are distributed unequally within a society

51
Q

Social Action Theory

A

. Is a way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action
. Accepts that sport is produced and developed at a particular time through the relationship and social networks of people who share similar views

52
Q

Equal opportunities

A

The right to access the same opportunities

53
Q

Overt Discrimination

A

Visible/Obvious eg verbal racist abuse of a player

54
Q

Convert Discrimination

A

Hidden/Less obvious eg non-selection of an individual because on their race

55
Q

Discrimination

A

An unfair treatment of a person, or minority group; to make a distinction and act on a prejudice

56
Q

3 main target groups specifically aimed at due to their relative lack of involvement in Sport

A
  1. Disabilities
  2. Ethnic Minorities
  3. Women/teenage girls
57
Q

Disability

A

When a mental, sensory or physical impairment affect performance

58
Q

Inclusiveness

A

All people should have needs, abilities and aspirations recognised, understood and me within a supportive environment

59
Q

Integration

A

Able bodied and disabled people taking part in the same activity at the same time

60
Q

Segregation

A

People with disabilities participating separately with other disabled performers

61
Q

Sport England’s mission

A

Moving “towards an active nation”

62
Q

5 main outcomes of Sport Eng mission

A

1) Physical Well-Being
2) Metal “
3) Individual Development
4) Social and Community Development
5) Economic Developed

63
Q

National Partners of Sport England

A 
. NGB 
. Women in sport 
. Sporting equals 
. Street Games 
. EFDS
64
Q

Country Sports Partnership

A

CPS in a network of local agencies working together to increase participation in physical activity

65
Q

Schemas to help disabled sport

A

. Places people play
. Get equipped
. NGBs

66
Q

Schemas to help women in sport

A

. This girl can
. Women sport fitness foundation
. I will if you will

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