Diet And Nutrition

Question 1

Exam Tip Carbohydrates

Answer 1

The principle source of for energy for both low intensity and high intensity exercise. Only food source that can be broken down anaerobically.

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Where arteries become clogged with fatty substances

Question 3

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

Answer 3

Transport excess cholesterol in the blood back to the liver where it can be broken down and are classed as ‘good’ cholesterol since they lower the risk of developing heart disease

Question 4

Low Density Lipoproteins

Answer 4

. Transported cholesterol in the blood to the tissue and are classed as ‘bad’ cholesterol since they’re linked to an increased risk of heart disease

Question 5

Exam Tips Fats

Answer 5

Are an energy source for long duration low intensity exercise. They cannot be used anaerobically as they require oxygen to be broken down

Question 6

Exam Tip Proteins

Answer 6

Necessary for muscle growth and repair

Question 7

Why does an athlete need carbohydrates?

Answer 7

. As it’s the main source for high intensity/anaerobic work
. As a result the athlete is provided with a lot of quick release energy, enabling them to work at that anaerobically level

Question 8

Why does an athlete need fats?

Answer 8

. As they are a major source of energy in aerobic exercise

. This gives an athlete a slower release of energy enabling them to train for a long period of time

Question 9

Why does an athlete need protein?

Answer 9

. They are important for muscle growth and repair

.Gives athletes (especially involved in using power) a source of energy who need to develop stronger muscle tissue

Question 10

Why does an athlete need vitamins?

Answer 10

. Keeps an individual healthy with a good immune system

. Allows a performer to train maximally and recover quickly

Question 11

Why does an athlete need minerals?

Answer 11

. Minerals like calcium are necessary for nerve and muscle contraction
. Imp to athletes as it gives them maximum output

Question 12

Why does an athlete need fibres?

Answer 12

. Slows down the breaking up of food

. Can be important in athletes as it gives a slower and more sustainable release of energy

Question 13

Why does an athlete need water?

Answer 13

. Water is important in regulating body temp
. This is improved during exercise as when you exercise you’ll sweat which will cool down your body, preventing you from overheating

Question 14

Positive Effects of Glycogen Loading

Answer 14

. Increases glycogen stores
. Delays fatigue
. Increases endurance capacity

Question 15

Negative Effects of Glycogen Loading

Answer 15

. Water retention results in bloating
. Problem with digestion
. Weight increase
. Need to alter training programme

Question 16

Positive Effects of Creatine Monohydrate

Answer 16

. Aims to provide ATP
. Improves muscle mass
. Allows ATP-PC system to last longer

Question 17

Negative Effects of Creatine Monohydrate

Answer 17

. Provides side effects like vomiting, muscle cramps and diarrhoea
. Hinders aerobic performance
. Mixed evidence to show he benefits

Question 18

Buffering

Answer 18

The ability of the blood to compensate for the build up of lactic acid and hydrogen ions to maintain pH level

Question 19

Lactic Acid

Answer 19

A by product of anaerobic respiration. It cause fatigue as it accumulates

Question 20

Hydrogen Ions

Answer 20

Responsible for acidity in the blood

Question 21

Positive Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate or Soda Loading

Answer 21

. Reduces acidity of muscle cells
. Delays fatigue
. Increases buffering capacity of the blood

Question 22

Negative Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate or Soda Loading

Answer 22

Has possible side effects of vomiting, pain, cramping, diarrhoea and feeling bloated

Question 23

Positive Effects of Caffeine

Answer 23

. Increases mental alertness
. Reduces effects of fatigue 
. Allows fats to be used as an energy source use of glycogen stores 
. Imp Reaction Time 
. May Benefit Endurance Athletes

Question 24

Negative Effects of Caffeine

Answer 24

. Loss of fine control
. Against rules of most sports in large quantities
. Side effect include dehydration, insomnia, muscle and stomach cramps, vomiting, Irregular HB and diarrhoea