Sponges & Surgical Dressings

Question 1

One Layer Dressing:

Answer 1

.Covers small incisions w/ expected minimal drainage ex. Endoscopic procedures
.Covers site of intravenous access
. Consist of transparent polyurethane film w/ adhesive backing

Question 2

Examples of One Layer Dressings:

Answer 2

.Op-Site, Bioclusive, Foams, Gels, Tegaderm, Hydrocolloids
. Dermabond “Surgical Glue”
. Liquid Collodion “Liquid Chemical Dressing”
. Benzoin “Adherent Product”
. Benzoin Spray “Aersol Adhesive Spray”
. Skin Closure Tape ex. Steri Strip
. Mastisol

Question 3

Dermabond “Surgical Glue”

Answer 3

Liquid skin adhesive applied by surgeons to close wounds. Not appropriate for all wounds or skin surfaces.
“Surgical Glue” FDA approved. Comes sterile w/ single use applicator.

Question 4

Liquid Collodion “Liquid Chemical Dressing”

Answer 4

Applied to wound forming a seal over the incision; used mostly on pediatric patients.
Flammable may not be used in certain facilities

Question 5

Benzoin “Adherent Product”

Answer 5

Used on minor skin sores & wounds to protect the area from irritation & infection. Used on canker sores in & around the mouth to protect them.
Helps relieve & soothe minor irritation of the nose, throat & airways when it is mixed w/ hot water & the steam is inhaled.

Question 6

Benzoin Spray “Aersol Adhesive Spray”

Answer 6

Aids w/ skin closure tapes

Question 7

Skin Closure Tape ex. Steri Strip

Answer 7

Close superficial incisions by keeping wound edges close.
Can be used alone or w/ other dressings ex. Steri Strips

Question 8

Mastisol

Answer 8

Liquid medical adhesive used to ensure the integrity of dressings, tapes & certain devices over an extended period of time.

Question 9

3 Layer Dressing = Bulky Dressing

Answer 9

Bulky:
. Used to immobilize an area, provide additional support and absorb excessive drainage.

3 layer dressing & 3 separate layers:
. Used to cover any size incision
. Light to heavy drainage is expected
. 3 Components:
- Primary: inner (contact) = Always Permeable (non occlusive)
- Secondary: intermediate (absorbent)
- Tertiary: outer (securing)

Question 10

Primary: inner (contact) layer

Answer 10

Covers the wound completely & remains in direct contact with the wound. The wicking action allows passage of the drainage or secretion away & into the intermediate (absorbent) layer.

Ex. Non permeable (occlusive), Semipermeable (semi-occlusive) & Permeable (non occlusive)

Question 11

Non permeable (occlusive): never covered by another layer

Answer 11

. Impregnated w/ emulsion ex. Vaseline Gauze & Xeroform Gauze
. Creates an airtight $ water tight seal but allows passage of drainage
. Maybe placed around an exit wound for a chest tube or wound drainage device to prevent air from reentering the pleural space.

Question 12

Vaseline Gauze & Xeroform Gauze are examples of what?

Answer 12

Non permeable (occlusive) layer

Question 13

Semipermeable (semi-occlusive): Left alone not covered by other layers

Answer 13

. Creates a mechanical surface & allows for passage of air & fluids
. Hydrocolloid dressing may be used on a chronic wound such as a burn or decubitus ulcer “wound debridement”

Ex. Hydrocolloid = ExoDerm & Tegasorb or Hydrogel = Nu-Gel or AQUA-Gel

Question 14

Hydrocolloid & Hydrogel are examples of what? Also provide other examples of each.

Answer 14

Hydrocolloid = ExoDerm & Tegasorb or Hydrogel = Nu-Gel or AQUA-Gel

Question 15

Permeable (non occlusive): always included with a 3 layer dressing

Answer 15

. Is a non adherent material ex. Telfa & Adaptic “painless removal”
. Used to draw secretions from the wound “wicking action”
. Allow passage of air & fluid

Question 16

Telfa & Adaptic “painless removal” is an example of what?

Answer 16

Permeable (no occlusive)

Question 17

Secondary: Intermediate (Absorbent) Layer

Answer 17

Placed over contact layer to absorb any drainage or secretion. The thickness will vary accordingly to the amount of drainage that is expected.

Ex. 2x2 & 4x4 gauze sponges (Toppers, Soft-Wick), fluffed gauze sponges (Kerlix) & abdominal pad AKA ABD or combine pad dressing (Surgipad & Tendersorb)

Question 18

2x2 & 4x4 gauze sponges (Toppers, Soft-Wick), fluffed gauze sponges (Kerlix) & abdominal pad AKA ABD or combine pad dressing (Surgipad & Tendersorb) are all examples of what?

Answer 18

Intermediate (Absorbent) Layer

Question 19

Tertiary Layer: Outer (Securing) Layer & it’s examples

Answer 19

Secure the contact & absorbent layer
Ex.
-Tape
-Wrap
-Webril
-Stockinette
-Tube Gauze
-Montgomery Straps
-Esmarch Bandage

Question 20

Tape = Paper, Silk, Adhesive, Cloth & Foam is an ex. Of what?

Answer 20

Outer (Securing) Layer

Most used
Some may be allergic to some types of tapes

Question 21

Wrap = Ace, Coban, Kling & Kerlix is an ex of what?

Answer 21

Outer (securing) layer

Wrap is an Elastic band
.Ace= adhesive crinkled gauze
.Coban= rolled gauze
.Kling= fluffed rolled gauze
.Kerlix

Question 22

Cast Padding = Webril is an ex of what

Answer 22

Outer (securing) layer

Wrap (rolled cotton sheet) may be applied as padding under a cast “cast padding”

Question 23

Stockinette = cast application is an ex of what?

Answer 23

Used prior to splint or cast application

Question 24

Tube Gauze is what?

Answer 24

Used on a digit

Question 25

Montgomery Straps is what?

Answer 25

Used for wounds that need frequent checking

Question 26

Esmarch Bandage is what?

Answer 26

For exsanguination of an extremity prior to the inflation of the tourniquet

Question 27

Pressure Dressing:

Answer 27

Used to cause compression to the surgical wound.
- Immobilization
- Support
- Absorption of excessive drainage
- Pressure distribution
- Elimination of dead space
- Reduce hematoma/ edema

Question 28

Rigid Dressing:

Answer 28

. Provide support & prevent movement
. Plaster/ fiberglass
Ex.
- Splint
- Cast
- Body Jacket Cast
- Walking Cast
- Spica Cast
- Minerva Jacket

Question 29

Splint

Answer 29

Rigid Dressing
. Applied to one side of structure
. Prevents unidirectional movement
. Aluminum or Plastic

Question 30

Cast

Answer 30

• Encircles a body part to prevent any movement
• Plaster or Fiberglass
• Cylindrical cast Most Widely Used Type

Question 31

Body Jacket Cast

Answer 31

Rigid Dressing

. Axilla to the the hips

Question 32

Walking Cast

Answer 32

Rigid Dressing

. Sole or Rubber Heel
. For ambulation

Question 33

Spica Cast

Answer 33

Rigid Dressing

. Secured to the torso to secure hip or shoulder

Question 34

Minerva Jacker

Answer 34

Rigid Dressing

. Extends from the head to the hips

Question 35

Wet to Dry Dressing

Answer 35

. Soaked in solution (NS, Antibiotic soln, Dakins soln)
. Used for wound debridement
. Applied to the wound & allowed to dry

Question 36

Specialty Dressings

Answer 36

. Bolster Dressing: sutured into position “Stent or Tie-Over Dressing”
. Drain Dressing: gauze sponges placed to accommodate a wound w/ drain “Y shaped”
. Tracheotomy Dressing: placed around the tracheotomy tube
. Eye Shield
. Eye Pad
. Perineal Pad “Peri Pad”
. Packing Material:
- assist in hemostasis
- provide pressure
- eliminate dead space
- long strip of gauze w/ different widths

Question 37

Packing Material:

Answer 37

• assist in hemostasis
• provide pressure
• eliminate dead space
• long strip of gauze w/ different widths
  Ex. Plain (NuGauze packing strip plain) or impregnated w/ an antiseptic (w/ Iodoform 5%) or contain a radiopaque marker