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Technique ST > Quiz Questions: Patient Care/ Principles, Asepsis & Infection Control > Flashcards

Quiz Questions: Patient Care/ Principles, Asepsis & Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Injury due to improper positioning can result in ALL members being sued for ____.

A

negligence

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2
Q

Accountability is defined as a(n) ____.

A

Obligation

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3
Q

Negligence is a breach of duty and is defined as ____.

A

An omission

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4
Q

Whose responsibility is it to identify the surgical patient?

A

. transportation personnel
. holding area nurse
. anesthesia provider

Everyone the surgical team

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5
Q

Who is responsible for checking diagnostic tests such as X-rays and CT scans to confirm the proper area or side before an incision is made?

A

Surgeon

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6
Q

What does not need to be counted before beginning an exploratory laparotomy?

A

Suction

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7
Q

Loss or mishandling of a specimen could be considered negligence and could result in ____.

A

. another surgical procedure
. improper specimen preparation
. improper specimen analysis

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8
Q

Whose responsibility is it to remove a patient’s personal items in the operating room?

A

circulator

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9
Q

____ is truly the best medicine when taking care of the surgical patient.

A

Prevention

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10
Q

____ is a term that refers to permission being given for an action.

A

Consent

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11
Q

A properly written, informed consent should contain the ____.

A

Patient’s signature

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12
Q

Informed consent may be given under specific circumstances, by any of the following EXCEPT ____.

A

Answer: an incompetent adult

Correct other options for consent:
. the parent or legal guardian of a minor
. the temporary guardian
. the courts

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13
Q

In the health care field, the term ____ is used broadly to refer to the placing of information into a patient’s medical record.

A

Documenting

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14
Q

The medical record of a surgical patient will typically include all of the following EXCEPT the ____.

A

Answer: family members’ names

Correct other options:
. identification of the patient
. treatment plan
. health care providers involved in the patient’s care

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15
Q

Malpractice and negligence fall under what kind of law?

A

unintentional tort

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16
Q

A “time out” period should take place immediately before starting the procedure in order to verify:

A

correct patient, procedure, side/site, implants, and that all team members agree

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17
Q

____ is the term used if a member of the surgical team leaves a patient who is dependent on his or her presence as a caregiver.

A

Abandonment

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18
Q

Consent may be given in either of two formats: ____.

A

expressed and implied

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19
Q

The written instructions dealing with the right of an incapacitated patient to self-determination is called a(n) ____.

A

advanced directive

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20
Q

The ____ is the first-ever federal standards that establishes privacy standards to protect patients’ medical records and other health-related information.

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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21
Q

the obligation to disclose details for evaluation; commonly used to mean “to be held responsible for”

A

Accountability

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22
Q

jurisdiction given to federal courts in cases involving the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution, acts of Congress, and treaties

A

Federal Law

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23
Q

court-appointed protector for an individual incapable of making his or her own decisions

A

Guardian

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24
Q

an injury resulting from the activity of health care professionals

A

Iatrogenic injury

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25
Q

a civil wrong; may be intentional or unintentional

A

Tort

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26
Q

actual act of harmful or unwarranted contact with a person without consent

A

Battery

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27
Q

causes a patient to fear that they will be touched without consent or authority

A

Assault

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28
Q

oral or written statements that damages a person’s reputation or good name

A

Defamation

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29
Q

photorgaphing a patient without consent

A

Invasion of Privacy

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30
Q

disparaging remarks made about a patient that hurt their feelings

A

Intentional Infliction of emotional distress

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31
Q

According to Maslow’s hierarchy, which are the most basic needs?

A

physiological

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32
Q

Several components make up an individual. Any need or activity related to genetics, physiology, or anatomy is termed a ____ need.

A

physical

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33
Q

Any need or activity related to one’s identification or interaction with another individual or group is termed a ____ need.

A

social

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34
Q

Any need or activity related to the identification and understanding of one’s place in an organized universe (expressions may involve theology, philosophy, mythology, and intuition) is termed a ____ need.

A

spiritual

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35
Q

A nonspecific response of the body to demand is known as ____.

A

stress

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36
Q

When an injury or illness takes place, certain stressors affect the patient physically and mentally. Adult patients are worried about ____.

A

Money

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37
Q

When an injury or illness takes place, certain stressors affect the patient physically and mentally. Pediatric patients fear ____.

A

abandonment

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38
Q

Which religious group does not permit blood transfusions?

A

Jehovah’s Witness

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39
Q

Which term describes the following coping mechanism: “The patient does not want to accept the truth of what is occurring”?

A

denial

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40
Q

Which term describes the following coping mechanism: “The patient returns to an earlier stage of life such as that of a child and exhibits behaviors unique to that stage of life”?

A

regression

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41
Q

Which term describes the following coping mechanism: “A patient tries to give excuses as to why he or she has a particular illness”?

A

rationalization

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42
Q

In which religion is birth control not allowed?

A

Roman Catholic

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43
Q

What should take place immediately after the patient is moved from the stretcher to the operating room table?

A

apply the safety strap

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44
Q

____ is an integrated system developed by hospitals for the prevention and control of areas of potential liability.

A

Risk management

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45
Q

The goal of the surgical consent is to ____.

A

inform the patient of the specifics of the procedure, medical reasons, and risks

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46
Q

Bacilli are typically found to be in the shape of ____.

A

rods

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47
Q

Bacteria that require oxygen to sustain life are called ____.

A

aerobic

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48
Q

Which pathogen leads in the percentage of surgical site infections?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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49
Q

What dormant structure can some bacteria form to survive adverse environmental conditions?

A

spore

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50
Q

A nonliving particle that is completely reliant on the host cell for survival is called a ____.

A

virus

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51
Q

The primary source of airborne bacteria transmission in the operating room is the ____.

A

surgical team

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52
Q

A bloodborne pathogen that puts health care workers at particular risk is ____.

A

hepatitis C

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53
Q

Most surgical infections occur because of ____.

A

contamination during the procedure

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54
Q

Infection contracted within the health care setting is known as ____.

A

nosocomial

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55
Q

A type of relationship between organism in which one organism benifits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed is:

A

Commensalism

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56
Q

A type of relationship between organism in which one organism is harmed by the presence of the other

A

Parasitism

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57
Q

Parasitic worms in the medical profession are called:

A

Helminths

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58
Q

Organisms that require oxygen in order to reproduce:

A

Aerobic

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59
Q

A type of bacterial morphology that present as a sphere or round forms

A

Cocci

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60
Q

Which is a direct contact transmission?

A

Answer: Kissing

Not examples:
Eating contaminated food
contact with vectors
fomites

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61
Q

Many SSIs are attributed to the patient’s own flora contaminating the wound by direct contact.

A

True

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62
Q

Preoperative hair removal through shaving decreases the risk of SSI.

A

False

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63
Q

The primary source of airborne bacteria in the OR is the patient

A

False

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64
Q

Surgical concience is when an STSR recognizes and corrects breaks in aseptic technique even when not noticed by other personnel

A

True

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65
Q

The primary purpose of wearing gowns, hair covers and mask is to provide a barrier to contamination, both from personnel to patient and from patient to personnel

A

True

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66
Q

Pathogens associated with SSI: HIV and Hepatitis B

A

Virus

67
Q

Pathogens associated with SSI: Rhinocerebral zygomycosis

A

Fungi

68
Q

Pathogens associated with SSI: Entamoeba histolytica

A

Parasite

69
Q

Pathogens associated with SSI: Staphylococcus aureus

A

Bacteria

70
Q

Pathogens associated with SSI: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A

Prion

71
Q

____ means microbes and infection are absent.

A

Sterile

72
Q

Microbes that live on the skin and inside the human body are referred to as ____.

A

Indigenous Microflora

73
Q

Substances that destroys bacteria

A

bacteriocidal

74
Q

Substances that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria

A

bacteriostatic

75
Q

The circulator may pass between two sterile areas as long as there will be no direct contact?
True or False?

A

False

76
Q

Sterile surgical team members should either pass while facing one another or pass back to back by rotating 360 degrees?
True or False

A

True

77
Q

A non sterile individual must maintain a minimum distance of 6 inches from any sterile item?

True or False

A

False

78
Q

The number of microbes or organic debris that exist at a given time is referred to as ____.

A

bioburden

79
Q

The contamination of a person or object by another person or object is called ____.

A

cross contamination

80
Q

Methods used to prevent contamination of the sterile field are referred to as ____.

A

sterile technique

81
Q

When wearing a sterile gown and gloves, why should you NOT fold the arms with the hands in the axilla?

A

The area cannot be viewed.

82
Q

Sterile items and individuals may ____.

A

contact sterile items

83
Q

Members of the sterile surgical team should pass each other within the sterile field by facing one another or ____.

A

pass back to back

84
Q

Nonsterile items and individuals may ____.

A

only contact nonsterile items

85
Q

The basis for the practice of strict adherence to sterile technique is called ____.

A

surgical conscience

86
Q

The term used to describe when both organisms benefit from and depend on one another to a certain extent is known as ____.

A

mutualism

87
Q

Bacteria is also classified by its need for oxygen and carbon dioxide. Which type of bacteria grow best in high concentration of carbon dioxide?

A

capnophiles

88
Q

Which is the most commonly transmitted bacteria in the operating room?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

89
Q

Which bacteria can be found as common flora of the skin, hair, and nose?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

90
Q

Which microorganism is capable of causing post-op surgical site infection?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

91
Q

Once sterile drapes have been placed, they should not be repositioned
The top of the sterile, draped table is the only potion that is considered sterile
Any item extending or falling below the table edge is considered nonsterile.

True or False

A

True

92
Q

True or False

Intstuments that have made contact with the patient’s skin should not be reused
The STSR must check the chemical indicators

A

True

93
Q

True or False

For procedures with clean and dirty portions, one setup should be prepared

A

False

94
Q

True or False?

The sterile field should be created as early as possible prior to the procedure

A

False

95
Q

True or False

The sterile field should be monitored at all times
The sterile field should never be covered with a sterile drape to be moved to another OR

A

True

96
Q

True or False
The back of the sterile gown is considered sterile

A

Wrong

97
Q

True or False

The surgical gown is considered sterile from the waist to the mid-chest level in front
Hands should never be allowed to fall below the waist or table level
The arms should not be folded with the hands in the axillary region

A

Trur

98
Q

Chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not the spores, ususally used on inanimate objects

A

disinfectant

99
Q

The STSR must place basins and/or medicine cups to be filled at the center of the sterile table to prevent accidental spilling by the circulator

A

False

100
Q

If a towel clip punctures a sterile drape, it should be removed immediately

A

False

101
Q

The cuffs of a surgical gown sleeve is considered not sterile

A

True

102
Q

Preoperative hair removal is a risk factor for developing SSI

A

True

103
Q

If in doubt about the sterility of an item, consider it non sterile

A

True

104
Q

A seperate sterile table should be used for gowning and gloving to avoid contamination of the back table

A

True

105
Q

Nonsterile items and individuals may touch sterile items

A

False

106
Q

____ means microbes and infection are absent.

A

Sterile

107
Q

The physical removal of blood and body fluids or gross debris from an inanimate object is called ____.

A

mechanical cleaning

108
Q

The process that ensures that all microorganisms, including spores, are killed is called ____.

A

sterilization

109
Q

Instruments with multiple parts should be ____ prior to cleaning.

A

disassembled

110
Q

When stainless steel instruments are manually cleaned, a(n) ____ should be used to avoid scratching the surface of the instrument.

A

back-and-forth motion

111
Q

What is a limitation of using water as a presoaking solution?

A

ineffective at removing dried debris

112
Q

Why should saline NOT be used to clean stainless steel surgical instruments?

A

Salt will pit the stainless steel.

113
Q

An enzyme is usually used as a(n) ____.

A

soaking solution

114
Q

The ultrasonic washer is an example of a ____.

A

mechanical decontamination unit

115
Q

The washer decontaminator does NOT render the instruments ____.

A

sterile

116
Q

An intermediate level of disinfection may be appropriate for ____.

A

semicritical items

117
Q

Low-level disinfection may be appropriate for ____.

A

noncritical items

118
Q

The number of microbes or organic debris that exist at a given time is referred to as ____.

A

bioburden

119
Q

Methods used to prevent contamination of the sterile field are referred to as ____.

A

sterile technique

120
Q

Which chemical solution kills spores and is used to terminally sterilize endoscopes?

A

Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant agent and sterilizing agent and is sporicidal after an item has been left in the solution for a minimum of 10 hours.

121
Q

Which of the following levels of disinfection kills all microorganisms, including spores, if the contact time with the item(s) is sufficient?

A

High-level disinfectants kill all microorganisms but require a certain length of time in contact with an item in order to be sporicidal.

122
Q

Which of the following statements is false with regards to decontamination practices in the OR during the intraoperative phase?

A

a basin with saline water should be available in the sterile field for the soaking and cleaning of instruments

123
Q

Which of the following statements is false with regards to environmental decontamination in the OR?

A

contaminated linen must be rinsed and sorted in the area of use

124
Q

The circulator is responsible for the following decontamination practices in the OR during the intraoperative phase, EXCEPT for?

A

flushing instruments with a lumen periodically with sterile water to prevent clogging

125
Q

It is the physical removal of blood, body fluids or gross contaminants

A

Mechanical Cleaning

126
Q

You must mix disinfectant solutions together for hard to clean instruments to have a greater disinfectant efficiency.

A

False

127
Q

Surgical instruments that become contaminated by falling on the floor should be immediately retrieved by the STSR and placed in a basin that contains sterile water or disinfectant.

A

False

128
Q

Gluteraldehyde can be used both as a disinfectant and a sterilant

A

True

129
Q

Do not clean the surgical lights if they have not yet cooled off because they can break upon contact with the cleaning solution.

A

True

130
Q

The effectiveness of disinfection is decreased when blood, body fluids, or tissue are present on an item..

A

True

131
Q

Physical factors that affect the efficiency of disinfection are ____.

A

temperature, gross debris, bioburden

132
Q

Instrument preparation begins after decontamination and involves the following steps in this order:

A

inspection, reassembly, preparation

133
Q

If an item wrapped in an impervious wrapper drops to the floor, what action should be taken?

A

Use the item if not wet

The item can be immediately used if the floor and impervious wrapper are not wet, but it should not be placed back in the sterile storage.

134
Q

Positive assurance of sterility can be accomplished only with the use of:

A

Biologic indicator

Positive assurance of the sterility of an item(s) can be accomplished only with the use of biologic indicators.

135
Q

When wrapping an item with either woven or nonwoven wrap, how many wrappers should be used?

A

Two

Items or instruments trays wrapped with either woven or nonwoven wrapper must be sequentially wrapped with two layers of wrap.

136
Q

Items that are mechanically cleaned and chemically disinfected, but not sterile are said to be:

A

Surgically clean

Items that have been either manually or mechanically cleaned (e.g., ultrasonic washer or washer-decontaminator) with a chemical disinfectant are considered surgically clean, but not sterile, since spores may still be present on the items.

137
Q

When steam is used to sterilize an instrument with a lumen:

A

a residual of distilled water should be left inside the lumen

138
Q

Gravity displacement sterilizer utilizes _______ to destroy microorganisms

A

steam

139
Q

When using a high-level disinfectant, always

A

rinse items with sterile distilled water before using

140
Q

The chemical sterilant used in the STERIS method of sterilizing is

A

peracetic acid

141
Q

The ____ is used to remove small organic particles and soil from areas of instruments that are difficult to clean manually.

A

ultrasonic washer

142
Q

To avoid damage, stainless steel instruments should NOT be placed next to ____ in the washer sterilizer.

A

instruments made from other metals

143
Q

Instrument preparation begins after decontamination and involves the following steps in this order:

A

inspection, reassembly, preparation?

144
Q

The method not recommended for sterilizing an endoscope is:

A

Steam

Endoscopes are damaged by the high temperature and moisture of the steam sterilization process. The preferred methods that don’t damage the endoscopes are peracetic acid, EtO, and glutaraldehyde.

145
Q

Which of the following methods of sterilization is the most inexpensive, economical, and safest?

A

Steam

Steam sterilization is the safest, most inexpensive and economical method of sterilizing surgical supplies, instruments and equipment.

146
Q

Wrapped instrument sets must be sterilized for _____ minutes at 250°F for steam sterilization

A

30

147
Q

Which of the following would be considered a biological monitor?

A

Vial with B stearothermophilus

An example of a biological monitor is a vial containing the bacteria B stearothermophilus in the spore stage used for steam sterilization.

148
Q

If an item wrapped in an impervious wrapper drops to the floor, what action should be taken?

A

Use the item if not wet

The item can be immediately used if the floor and impervious wrapper are not wet, but it should not be placed back in the sterile storage.

149
Q

Positive assurance of sterility can be accomplished only with the use of:

A

Biologic indicator

Positive assurance of the sterility of an item(s) can be accomplished only with the use of biologic indicators.

150
Q

When wrapping an item with either woven or nonwoven wrap, how many wrappers should be used?

A

Two

Items or instruments trays wrapped with either woven or nonwoven wrapper must be sequentially wrapped with two layers of wrap

151
Q

A chemical indicator on a package confirms:

A

Exposure to sterilizing conditions

A chemical indicator does not confirm sterility of an item(s); it only verifies exposure to sterilizing conditions.

152
Q

Items that are mechanically cleaned and chemically disinfected, but not sterile are said to be:

A

Surgically clean

Items that have been either manually or mechanically cleaned (e.g., ultrasonic washer or washer-decontaminator) with a chemical disinfectant are considered surgically clean, but not sterile, since spores may still be present on the items.

153
Q

An item dropped on the floor is considered safe only if

A

it is enclosed in an impervious material

154
Q

What is the standard safety margin on peel package wrappers?

A

1 inch

155
Q

When flipping a sterile item onto the field, the circulator may

A

project item without reaching over the sterile field

156
Q

Positive assurance that sterilization conditions have been achieved can only be obtained through

A

biologic control test

157
Q

The minimum exposure time for unwrapped instruments in a flash sterilizer that is set at 270°F (132°C) is

A

3 minutes

158
Q

When steam is used to sterilize an instrument with a lumen:

A

a residual of distilled water should be left inside the lumen

159
Q

Gravity displacement sterilizer utilizes _______ to destroy microorganisms

A

steam

160
Q

All of the following statements regarding instrument sets are true EXCEPT

A

Correct Answer: . all instruments must be closed

Trues Statements:
. instruments must be placed in perforated trays
. heavy instruments are placed on the bottom
. all detachable parts must be disassembled

161
Q

The chemical agent used in gas sterilization is

A

ethylene oxide

162
Q

What chemical system uses peracetic acid as the sterilant?

A

Steris

163
Q

In a high-speed flash sterilizer, unwrapped instruments are exposed for a minimum of

A

3 minutes

164
Q

To kill spores, an item must be immersed in a 2% aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde for

A

10 hours

Technique ST (25 decks)

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