Asepsis & Sterile Technique Flashcards
Symbiosis
–Relationship of the human host and the indigenous flora
Mutualism
–Both organisms benefit and depend on each other
Synergism
•Two organisms work together to accomplish a goal they could not do independently
Commensalism
–One organism benefits
–The second neither benefits or is harmed
Neutralism
•Two organism occupy the same area with no effect on each other
Antagonism
•One microorganism inhibits or interferes the growth of another
What are some Examples of pathogenic relationships:
•Commensal microbes
•Nosocomial infections (acquired in healthcare setting)
•Airborne viruses
What is happening to microbes during an infection?
Multiplication of microbes in a host is called an infection
Nosocomial infections
–Hospital acquired infections
•25% acquired during surgery
•Goal of the STSR is the use of proper sterile technique to prevent the transmission of microbes preoperatively preventing SSI (surgical site infection)
Skin, hair and nares of surgical personnel can be?
the source of infection
Bacteria is what type of organism?
Prokaryotic organisms
What is the Most commonly transmitted bacteria in the operating room?
Staphylococcus aureus
Coccoid is what shape and provide examples?
Coccoid : Round-shaped
–Diplococci
–Streptococci
–Staphylococci
–Coccobacilli
Bacilli has what shape?
–Rod-shaped, spore forming
Spirilla has what shape?
–Spiral-shaped
Microaerophiles needs how much oxygen?
–Requires low oxygen
Obligate anaerobes requires how much oxygen?
–Require level of oxygen found in a typical room
Capnophiles needs what?
–Grows best in high concentrations of carbon dioxide
Bacteria spores
–Difficult to kill
–Lives in adverse conditions
–Live for a long time
Tuberculosis
–Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
–Transmitted by airborne droplets
–Affects the lungs
Viruses
–Non living particles
–Can mutate and adapt to environment
–Antibiotic resistant
–Mode of transmission:
•Respiratory droplets
•Exchange of body fluids
•Ingestion of food and water
•Bites by carriers
Prions
•Proteinaceous infectious particle
•Built of proteins with no DNA/RNA
•Transmitted by infected instruments
•Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
•Attacks the brain
Fungi
•Mycology
–Study of fungi
•Opportunistic pathogens
•Zygomycosis
–Caused by the common bread mold
–Rhino cerebral Zygomycosis
What is The primary source of airborne bacteria in the OR
is the surgical team
Many SSI are attributed by what?
the patient’s own flora
•SSI occur because of contamination during the procedure
Modes of Transmission
–Direct contact
Ex. Hepatitis is the blood borne pathogen that puts healthcare workers at risk with contact
–Indirect contact
Ex. Airborne spread
What is the first & second source of transmission in the OR?
. 1st source Personnel
- Skin, hair and nares are reservoirs of bacteria
- The primary purpose of wearing gowns, caps, mask is to provide a barrier to contamination
. 2nd source of transmission through fomites and air
- Safe, clean spacious OR helps provide a low microbial environment
Methods of Transmission
•The Patient
–Endogenous flora
–Concurrent infections at other body locations (UTI)
Factors That Increase
Surgical Site Infections
•Age:
–Geriatric, pediatric
•Obesity
•Poor health
•Carriers of S. aureus
•Remote infections
•Preoperative hospitalization
•Preexisting illness
•Procedure related risk factors
–Preoperative hair removal
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
•Proteinaceous infectious particle
•Attacks the brain
