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Technique ST > Catheters, Tubes & Drains > Flashcards

Catheters, Tubes & Drains Flashcards

1
Q

Catheters purpose:

A

. Remove fluid or other objects (thrombi; stones)
. Monitor body functions
. Insert fluids; including contrast media & medications

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2
Q

Cholangiocath

A

. Used to inject Hypaque or Renografin (contrast agent) in common bile duct
. Attaches to Leuk-Lok syringe

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3
Q

What is Hypaque or Renografin

A

contrast agent used in the common bile duct

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4
Q

Urinary Catheters purpose and sizes?

A

. Used to drain urine but have other uses like irrigation
. Nonretaining & Self retaining
. French scale for sizing: 5 Fr (infant & peds) -> 30Fr

Average cath. Size used by adult men = 14 Fr->16 Fr

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5
Q

Urinary Catheters purpose and sizes?

A

. Used to drain urine but have other uses like irrigation
. Nonretaining & Self retaining
. French scale for sizing: 5 Fr (infant & peds) -> 30Fr

Average cath. Size used by adult men = 14 Fr->16 Fr

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6
Q

Non-Retaining Catheter:

A
  • Temporarily inserted
  • Obtain specimen
  • Decompression of bladder
  • Maneuver around an obstruction
  • DOES NOT require urine bag
    EX.
    . Robinson “red rubber” or “straight cath”
    . Coude Cath
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7
Q

Robinson “red rubber” or “straight cath”

A

Non-Retaining Catheter

  • Straight, Plain Tip
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8
Q

Coude Cath

A

Non-Retaining Catheter

  • similar to Robinson catheter but has rigid curved tip
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9
Q

Self-Retaining Catheter or Indwelling Urethral Catheter AKA Foley Catheter

A

. Indwelling, catheters
. Uses sterile water, rather than saline to inflate 8-10cc for 5cc
. Uses ballon to retain the catheter (5 or 30 cc capacity)
. Used for a period of time
. Some foley cath. Contain a thermometer in the tip

Ex.
- 2 way cath or 3 way cath
- Suprapubic cath

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10
Q

2 way cath or 3 way cath is an example of what?

A

Self-Retaining

. For transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

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11
Q

Suprapubic catheter

A

– Placed to the bladder
through a surgical
opening in the
abdominal wall
– e.g. Foley, Pezzer
(mushroom), Malecot
(winged tip)

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11
Q

Ureteral catheter

A

– Placed in the ureter with
an assistance of a
cystoscope
– Introduce contrast
media during retrograde
pyelography
– Passive/gravity

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12
Q

Intravascular catheters

Give ex.

A

– Infuse fluids or meds
– Obtain diagnosis
– Monitor body functions
– Remove thrombi
– May be inserted
percutaneously or
through a “cutdown”

Ex. Fogarty Catheter, Angio-Cath & Groshong

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13
Q

Fogarty catheter

A

– Balloon tipped
– Used for removing
thrombus or stone
(embolectomy)

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14
Q

Angio – Cath

A

– Vascular catheter used
for peripheral line access

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15
Q

Groshong

A

– central vein catheter

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16
Q

Tubes

A

– Used to remove air and
fluids for decompression
– Maintain patency of a
lumen & administration of oxygen, gases, medications, fluids including nutrition supplememts

Ex. Gastrointestinal (GI) Tubes,

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17
Q

Gastrointestinal tubes

A

– Used to aspirate fluids from the GI tract
– Feeding hole = (stoma)
– Sump = Dual lumen tube in which one lumen is used for evacuation of fluid & second allows air to enter for equalizing pressure with in a structure

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18
Q

? slide 16 double-lumen nasogastric
tube

A
  • used for suction and irrigation of the stomach.
  • One lumen is attached to
    suction for the drainage of
    gastric contents and the
    second lumen is an air vent.
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19
Q

Airway tubes

A
  • are used to maintain airway patency
    Ex.
    – ET tube
    – Oral Airway
    (Pharyngeal airway)
    – Nasal Airway (trumpet)
    – Tracheotomy tube
    – LMA Laryngeal Mask Airway
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20
Q

Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)

A

. is a medical device that
keeps a patient’s airway open during anesthesia or
unconsciousness.
* composed of an airway tube that connects to a soft mask with a cuff which is inserted through the patient’s mouth, down the windpipe to form an airtight seal on top the glottis (unlike tracheal tubes which pass through the glottis)

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21
Q

Endotracheal Tube (ET)

A
  • Catheter that is inserted into the trachea to maintain a patients airway and to ensure the adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (unlike LMA which stay on top of the glottis)
  • Adult tubes are cuffed (balloon)
  • Pediatric are uncuffed
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22
Q

Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) aka nasal
trumpet or nose hose

A
  • A tube that is designed to
    be inserted into the nasal
    passageway to secure an
    open airway.
  • When a patient becomes
    unconscious, the muscles
    in the jaw commonly relax
    and can allow the tongue
    to slide back and obstruct
    the airway.
23
Q

Tracheostomy Tube

A
  • involves creating an opening in the neck to place a tube into a person’s windpipe.
  • The tube is inserted through a cut in the neck below the vocal cords.
  • This allows air to enter the lungs.
24
Q

Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) aka Oral airway or Guedel airway

A
  • When a person becomes unconscious, the muscles in their jaw relax and allow the tongue to obstruct the airway which prevents the person from breathing.
25
Q

Chest Tube aka thoracic
catheters

A

– Inserted to evacuate air and fluid from the pleural space
– Reestablish negative pressure in lungs
– Connected to a closed water seal drainage system maintaining negative pressure
- Curved or straight
- Different sizes: infants to adults; small for air and large for fluid
* Material is: PVC & silicone

Ex.
. Safe-T-Centesis
. Surgical Chest Tube
. Pig Tail
. PluerX

26
Q

Tube thoracostomy

A

. (standard tube, pigtail) is a common procedure in which any tube or small catheter is placed through the chest wall into the pleural cavity and used primarily to drain air or fluid
. also be used to instill agents to induce pleurodesis (pleural
space is artificially obliterated) or to treat empyema, hemothorax & pneumothorax.

Size used: 28-40 Fr “surgical tube”

*In most cases of (PTX) Pneumothorax or Parapneumonic effusion 8 Fr pigtail as good as largebore surgical chest tube. The latter usually preferred for Traumatic hemothorax or concern for repeated clogging from empyema

27
Q

Safe-T-Centesis

A

Diagnostic thoracentesis or paracentesis

Size used: 6-8Fr

28
Q

Pigtail

A

Drainage of plural fluid, ascites, pleurodesis, pneumothorax

Size used: Usually 12-14 Fr

May kink more easily because of the small size & shape/flexibility

29
Q

PleurX

A

Chronic drainage (ie. palliative drainage of malignant effusion

Size Used: 15 Fr

30
Q

Tubes

A
  • The underwater seal
    prevents backflow of air
    or fluid into the pleural
    cavity.
  • Appropriate chest drain management is required to maintain respiratory function and hemodynamic stability.
31
Q

Surgical Suction Connecting
Tubing

A
  • available with female molded connectors (male connector also included)
32
Q

Drains

A

– Used to evacuate air
and fluids from a
surgical or traumatic
wounds
– Passively
– Actively

33
Q

Active Drains

A

– Makes use of negative
pressure
Examples:
. Hemovac
. Jackson Pratt
. Stryker drain

34
Q

Hemovac

A

Typically used following orthopedic procedures when a moderate amount of drainage is expected

35
Q

Jackson Pratt

A

. Typically used following abdominal procedures when a moderate amount of drainage is expected
. Also used in neurosurgery and other general surgery procedures such as a momoplasty

36
Q

Stryker drain

A

Typically used following orthopedic procedures. Effective in reducing dead space due to the strength of the battery-operated evacuation pump

37
Q

Passive Drains

A

– Allow fluid or air flow
from a high to a low
pressure area
Ex.
. Penrose Drain
. Cigarette Drain
. T-tube
. Gastostomy Tube
. Ostomy Pouch
. Cystostomy Tube
. Nephrostomy Tube

38
Q

Penrose Drain

A
  • Latex tubing
  • Allow fluid to move by
    passive capillary
    action
39
Q

Cigarette Drain

A
  • Penrose with gauze
  • Wicking action 32
40
Q

T-tube

A

– Placed in the
biliary system
– Drains bile into
the bile bag
– Passive / gravity

41
Q

Gastrostomy Tube

A

– Inserted in the abdomen
– Removes gastric contents or give nourishments

42
Q

Ostomy Pouch

A
  • An ostomy pouching system is a prosthetic medical device that provides a means for the collection of waste from a surgically diverted biological system and the creation of a stoma (opening)
  • Pouching systems are most commonly associated with colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies.
43
Q

Cystostomy tube

A

– Inserted in the abdominal wall to the bladder
– Removes urine and
decompresses the bladder

44
Q

Nephrostomy tube

A

– Inserted percutaneously
in to the kidney
– Removes urine

45
Q

Non suture needles

A

– Hypodermic needles
– Spinal needles
– A/V cannula needles
– Heparin Needles
– Biopsy Needles

46
Q

Hypodermic needles

A
  • inject meds in tissues or intravenous tubing
  • may be used to withdraw fluid from tissues

Length Range: 1/2-4in
Gauge Size: 12-30; with smaller needles having the large gauge number

SR uses them to withdraw meds into a syringe from a vial held by a circulator

47
Q

Spinal needles

A
  • typically used to introduce anesthetic agents into the epidural or subdural space – can obtain cerebral spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes

Size: Assemblies are 3-4 in long w/ a sharp, beveled stylet with in the metal cannula

48
Q

A/V cannula needles or Venous/Cannula Needle

A
  • a needle to introduce a plastic indwelling catheter into a vessel (Commonly called an IV in order to deliver fluids, blood or blood products into the circulatory system
  • can obtain arterial blood gases or are attached to a line leading to a transduce to directly monitor arterial blood pressure

Ex. Intravenous cannula/needles ex. Angio-Cath, are attached to IV lines to introduce fluids or medications

Ex. Arterial needles ex. Potts-Cournand needle/cannula are used to introduce diagnostic or angioplasty guiding catheters over guiding wires into the arterial system

Ex. Venous needle w/ aspirating syringe are used to puncture large veins to introduce a monitoring catheter ex. Swan-Ganz

49
Q

Heparin Needles

A

attached to syringes that are used during open cardiovascular procedures to irrigate open arteries with a saline-heparin solution

50
Q

Biopsy Needles

A
  • to obtain tissue samples from with in the body for biopsy
  • can sometimes be guided w/ the aid of CT scan or fluoroscopy

Ex.
. Dorsey cannulated needle: used for biopsy of cerebral tissue through a burr hole
. Chiba biopsy needle: used for biopsy of the liver & other internal organs
. Tru-Cut biopsy needle: has a sharp cutting cannula to facilitate insertion into the tissue and cutting the tissue

51
Q

Irrigators and Syringes

A

Are not actually needles but small diameter cannulated tubes attached to a plastic needle hub for placement on a syringe
– Used to irrigate, aspirate, inject
– Plain (Luer slip): accepts needles that slip over the syringe tip
– Locking (Luer lock): locks needle tips with a twist motion
– 1, 5, 10 20 60cc syringe is the most commonly
used
Syringes consist of 3 components:
. Barrel
. Plunger
. Tip - which can be plain(slip) or locking(lock)

52
Q

What is the most commonly used syringe used?

A

1, 5, 10 20 60cc syringe is the most commonly
used

53
Q

Irrigating syringe

A

– Bulb type
– Bulb/barrel
– Asepto syringe
* 120cc
* Most used

54
Q

What is the most used irrigating syringe

A

Asepto syringe
* 120cc
* Most used

Technique ST (25 decks)

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