Sponges and Stingers

Question 1

Invertebrates representation in Kingdom Animalia:

Answer 1

> 95% of known animal species 34 of 35 phyla of animals Great diversity

Question 2

Five Major Phyla of Metazoa

Answer 2

1. Porifera
2. Radiata
3. Lophotrochozoa
4. Ecdysozoa
5. Deuterostomia

Question 3

Sponges fall under:

Answer 3

Porifera

Question 4

Eumetazoa divides Metazoa into

Answer 4

-Radiata
-Bilateria

Question 5

Bilateria is further divided into

Answer 5

-Deuterostomia
-Lophotrochozoa
-Ecysozoa

Question 6

The word “Parazoa” means

Answer 6

Para = to lie beside
Zoa = animal life

Question 7

Parazoa includes

Answer 7

Porifera (sponges)

Question 8

Porifera means

Answer 8

Body containing lots of spores (ie. sponges)

Question 9

6 key features of the sponges are

Answer 9

-Multicellular but lack true tissue
-simple and ancient
-sessile (motile in larvae stage)
-filter/suspension feeders
-asexual and sexual
-variation in size

Question 10

Porifera body structure includes

Answer 10

-loose federation of cells in a gelatinous matrix
-no true digestive system —> have a pore-lined cavity within the internal chamber that pumps water through the skin and out the top

Question 11

Spongocoel

Answer 11

Internal chamber of sponges containing sea water

Question 12

All organization of sponges occurs at the

Answer 12

Cellular level

Question 13

Choanocytes

Answer 13

• Feeding cells that line the Spongocoel
• Also links animals and Choanoflagellates with common ancestor

Question 14

Eumetazoa

Answer 14

“True animals” separated into clades (Radiata and Bilateria) based on body symmetry

Question 15

Radial Symmetry

Answer 15

-can cut down any line of organism and would have equal parts
-Oral and Aboral ends

Question 16

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 16

• can only cut along dorsoventral plane to get symmetry
  -locomotive advantage
  -Anterior and Posterior ends
  -Dorsal and Ventral sides

Question 17

Cnidarians

Answer 17

“Nettle animals” ie. animals that sting in some capacity

Question 18

Radiata includes the phylum

Answer 18

Cnidarian

Question 19

Cnidarians can be further subdivided into 4 clades:

Answer 19

-Hydrozoa
-Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
-Cubozoa (box jellyfish)
-Anthozoa (corals and anemones)

Question 20

Cnidarians possess: (3)

Answer 20

-true tissues
-radial symmetry
-two cellular layers

Question 21

Diploblastic

Answer 21

Two cellular layers: -Ectoderm (epidermis) -Endoderm (gastrodermis)

Question 22

Two types of Cnidarian forms are

Answer 22

-polyp
-medusa

Question 23

Main difference between polyp and medusa

Answer 23

Polyp is attached to substrate
Medusa can move

Question 24

Gastrovascular Cavity

Answer 24

Single sac surrounded by tentacles used for feeding, respiration, and waste elimination

Question 25

Radiatas lack

Answer 25

a Head/brain and muscle tissues

Question 26

Cnidocytes

Answer 26

Stinging cells that line the tentacles

Question 27

Cnidarians are the only phylum where

Answer 27

All species are venomous predators

Question 28

Polyp Dominant cnidaria

Answer 28

Hydrozoans

Question 29

Medusa Dominant cnidaria

Answer 29

Jellyfish (Scyphozoa)

Question 30

Cube-shaped Medusa

Answer 30

Box Jellyfish (Cubozoa)

Question 31

Sessile Polyps include

Answer 31

Corals and Anemones (Anthozoa)

Question 32

Hydrozoans were used as a model for

Answer 32

Development and Regeneration

Question 33

Box Jellyfish is

Answer 33

-highly venomous -ambush predator -lethal to humans -responsive to light and stimuli

Question 34

Corals can be subdivided into

Answer 34

- hard corals - soft corals

Question 35

Nematocysts

Answer 35

Work with Cnidocytes to sting prey

Question 36

Myxozoa

Answer 36

Strange group of parasites that use their modified cnidocytes at organelles to penetrate host tissues

Question 37

Examples of myxozoans (2)

Answer 37

1. Myxobolus cerebralis - causes whirling disease in salmonid fish - Invades nervous tissue of young fish, causing deformations 2. Kudoa species - Cause myo-liquefaction- softening of flesh of fish post mortem

Question 38

What do cnidarians use for a circulation?

Answer 38

Gastrovascular cavity

Question 39

Which of the following have a true digestive system? a) Porifera b) Cnidarians c) Vertebrates

Answer 39

C

Question 40

Which of the following have true tissues in ALL species? a) Radiata b) Porifera c) Eumetazoa

Answer 40

A and B

Question 41

In which phyla are ALL species venomous?

Answer 41

Cnidaria

Question 42

What are the two body plans of cnidarians?

Answer 42

Polyp and Medusa

Question 43

Define sessile

Answer 43

Fixed in one place; immobile

Question 44

Polyp

Answer 44

The sessile variant of the cnidarian body plan

Question 45

Medusa

Answer 45

The floating, mouth down form of the cnidarian body plan