Life on Earth

Question 1

What are the common compositional themes of all living entities?

Answer 1

1. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
2. Contain water
3. Carbon-based

Question 2

Why is water important for life?

Answer 2

1. Solvent for biological reactions
2. Component of metabolic processes

Question 3

Which atom is the backbone for molecules within the body?

Answer 3

Carbon

Question 4

What are macromolecules used for?

Answer 4

Information, structure, metabolism

Question 5

Why is carbon so important in the body?

Answer 5

Small, reactive, able to form chains of macromolecules and polymers

Question 6

The unit of life

Answer 6

Cells

Question 7

Define autotrophic organisms

Answer 7

Organisms that convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 8

Plants are ________ organisms

Answer 8

Autotrophic

Question 9

Define heterotrophic organisms

Answer 9

Organisms that use food molecules (generated by autotrophs) to make energy

Question 10

Animals are _______ organisms

Answer 10

Heterotrophic

Question 11

Six principles of modern cell theory

Answer 11

1. All known living things are made up of cells
2. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things
3. All cells only arise from pre-existing cells
4. Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition
6. All energy flow of life occurs within the cell

Question 12

“omnis cellula e cellula”

Answer 12

All cells only arise from pre-existing cells

Question 13

The cell is the_____________ of all living things

Answer 13

Structural and functional unit

Question 14

DNA contains

Answer 14

Hereditary information

Question 15

The domains of life are:

Answer 15

Prokaryote (Archaea and Eubacteria) and Eukaryote

Question 16

Archaea and Eubacteria are

Answer 16

Prokaryotes

Question 17

“-karyota” means

Answer 17

Nut/kernel

Question 18

Prokaryotes are ______ celled organisms

Answer 18

Single-celled

Question 19

Eukaryotes are _________ organisms

Answer 19

Multicellular

Question 20

Prokaryote lack a

Answer 20

Nuclear membrane / Nucleus

Question 21

What was the first organism?

Answer 21

Simple prokaryotic cell

Question 22

Define Biogenesis

Answer 22

Scientific Theory: life arose from pre-existing life

Question 23

Define Abiogenesis

Answer 23

Scientific Theory: life arose from non-life on earth

Question 24

How old is earth?

Answer 24

~4.6 billion years old

Question 25

What are examples of “non-living” organisms?

Answer 25

1. Viruses 2. Viroids 3. Obelisks 4. Prions

Question 26

All life is ____

Answer 26

Carbon based

Question 27

original old cell theory

Answer 27

1) cell is unit of structure 2) is a distinct entity and a building block in construction or organisms 3) cells form by free cell formation, (spontaneous generation) NO

Question 28

viruses

Answer 28

infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid in protein/ lipid/ carbohydrate coat

Question 29

viroids

Answer 29

infectious molecules of RNA that cause plant diseases (also in animals)

Question 30

obelisks

Answer 30

RNA containing, virus like entities in bacteria in human GIT

Question 31

prions

Answer 31

a transmissible abnormal form of a normally-occurring protein

Question 32

anabolism

Answer 32

building of complex molecules from numerous simple ones

Question 33

catabolism

Answer 33

break down of complex molecules into simple ones

Question 34

list the unity of life factors (things that all life has)

Answer 34

1. all life is cellular 2. life requires input of energy (autotrophic or heterotrophic) 3. life has self sustaining chemical reactions (metabolism) 4. living things reproduce themselves 5. info carriers for life are DNA and RNA 6. life evolves (adapts); life is a continuum from first to modern forms