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BIO 202 > Sponges and Cnidaria and Cnetophora > Flashcards

Sponges and Cnidaria and Cnetophora Flashcards

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1
Q

What Phylum are sponges a part of?

A

Porifera meaning “pore bearers”

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2
Q

Do sponges have true tissues?

A

No. They have no nervous system or muscles. They have a loose aggregation of cells.

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3
Q

What environments do sponges live in?

A

Mostly marine and all aquatic

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4
Q

How do Sponges feed?

A

Filter feed through many pores and canals

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5
Q

What cells pump water in sponges?

A

Collar Cells (Choanocytes) pump water

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6
Q

What is the sponge made of?

A

Skeleton made of spicules and spongin

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7
Q

Do sponges move?

A

No. They are sessile but have motile larvae.

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8
Q

How has the sponge body plan evolved over time?

A

To enhance filtration efficiency with a high internal surface area with lots of canals and chambers.

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9
Q

What is the name of the opening where water flows in through on the sponge?

A

Ostium

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10
Q

What feature defines the Phylum Porifera?

A 
Collar Cells (Choanocytes)
-They pump water and allow for particle feeding
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11
Q

How do Choanocytes work?

A

Flagellum in choanocyte beats back and forth causing pressure gradient

  • water is sucked in through collar of microvilli
  • particles are caught and eaten as they pass through the collar
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12
Q

What are Archaeocytes?

A

Ameoboid cells that live in the mesohyl

  • They ingest, digest food caught by choanocyte collars (intracellular digestion)
  • They are totipotent (can change into any sponge cell)
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13
Q

What is the mesohyl in the sponge?

A

Gelatinous extracellular matrix made of jelly like collagen

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14
Q

What is the major structural protein in Metazoa (including sponges)?

A

Collagen

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15
Q

How do sponges reproduce?

A

Sexual Reproduction
-Releasing sperm and creating eggs (hermaphroditic)

Asexual Reproduction
-Budding and/or Fragmentation

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16
Q

What else live in the cells or mesohyl of the sponge?

A

Symbiotic microbes that help produce unique organic compounds

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17
Q

What can the unique organic compounds produced by sponges/microbes be used for?

A

new sources of medicines

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18
Q

How do sponges accomplish Excretion/Respiration?

A

Diffusion

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19
Q

Do Sponges have germ layers, symmetry or are they protostomes or Deuterostomes?

A

No Germ Layers
No Symmetry
Not a protostome or deuterostome

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20
Q

What is the group Radiata and what Phyla are included in this group?

A

Radiata are the two phyla with radial symmetry

-Includes Phyla Cnidaria and Cnetophora

21
Q

What kinds of tissues do Radiata have?

A

2 Germ Layers
-Endoderm and Ectoderm

No Mesoderm or organ systems

22
Q

Do Radiata have a stomach?

A

No. They have a Gastrovascular Cavity (gut)

23
Q

What environments do Radiata live?

A

Mostly Marine all aquatic. Some freshwater.

24
Q

What species are included in Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Jellyfish, Anemones, and Corals

25
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Presence of Cnidocytes

26
Q

Do Phylum Cnidaria species move?

A

Some are Sessile (Corals) and some are Moblie (Jellyfish)

-The ones that are mobile don’t swim, they drift

27
Q

Are Cnidaria diploblastic or triploblastic?

A

Diploblastic b/c they have 2 germ layers

28
Q

How do Cnidaria reproduce?

A

Sexually and Asexually

29
Q

What are the two bodyplans of Cnidaria?

A

Polyps and Medusae

30
Q

What are the Classes under Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Cubozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, Hydrozoa

31
Q

Describe the Phylum Cnidaria body plan.

A

Polyp - sessile, thin mesoglea

Medusa - free swimming, mobile

Mesoglea - jellylike layer thicker in medusa (acts as skelton)

32
Q

How many openings are there to the gastrovascular cavity in Phylum Cnidaria?

A

THere is one opening (mouth) and the gastrovascular cavity somtimes acts as a skeleton

33
Q

Where are the highest concentration of cnidocytes?

A

The tentacles

34
Q

What are Cnidocytes?

A

Specialized epithelial cells that secrete the Cnide (Nematocyst)

  • Nematocyst pressurized to 2000 psi
  • May release toxins or digestive enzymes
35
Q

What is the stimuli for discharge of the Cnide (nematocyst)?

A

The Cnidocil is disturbed or mechanoreceptor cells or chemoreceptor cells

36
Q

What happens to the Cnidocyte after the Cnide (nemtocyst) is fired?

A

The Cnide is used up but the Cnidocyte isn’t. It will reproduce another nematocyst.

37
Q

Where do epithelio muscular cells derive from in the Cnidaria since there is no mesoderm?

A

Derived from ectoderm

38
Q

Why doesn’t water pass between cells in the Phylum Cnidaria?

A

The epidermis and gastrodermis are both epithilia with gap junctions that form a seal

39
Q

Explain the reproduction and life histories of Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa.

A
  1. Polyps for most of life
    - Sexual reproduction occurs during medusa stage
    - Makes Larva
    - Larva uses asexual reproduction to build colony of polyps
    - the polyps have gastrozooids to feed
    - the polyps have gonozooids which sprout the medusa stage of the life history
40
Q

Explain the reproduction and life histories of Phylum Cnidaria, Class Scyphozoa.

A
  1. Jellyfish for most of life
    - female medusa egg is fertilized (sexual reproduction)
    - the zygote develops into planula larva
    - larva implants on surface and grows (polyp stage)
    - eventually produce the ephyra (asexual reproduction) which grows into medusa stage
41
Q

What species are included in Class Cubozoa?

A

box jellyfish and sea wasp

42
Q

What species are included in class anthozoa? WHat are the features?

A

anemones and coral

  • no medusa stage only polyp
  • symbiosis with dinoflagellate, zooxanthellae allow corals to form reefs
43
Q

Are Cnidaria protostomes or deuterostomes?

A

Neither

44
Q

What is the skeletal system of Cnidaria?

A

mesoglea

45
Q

How do Cnidaria feed?

A

Carnivorous, using nematocysts

46
Q

How do Cnidaria accomplish excretion/respiration?

A

Diffusion

47
Q

What Species are included in Phylum Cnetophora?

A

Comb jellies and sea gooseberries

48
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of Cnetophores?

A

Cnetes or combs of 8 rows which move animal in the plankton

  • all aquatic, all marine
  • Colloblasts: sticky, snare prey (not cnidocytes)

BIO 202 (21 decks)

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