Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 202 > Chordates III (Birds, Mammals) > Flashcards

Chordates III (Birds, Mammals) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of beak do Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Aves have?

A

Keratinized (keratin=protein) beak lacking teeth highly adapted to food habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of feathers do Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Aves have?

A

Feathers adapted for flight

  • Forelimbs modified into wings with keratinized feathers
  • Modified Bones
  • Modified Lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Aves oviparous or viviparous?

A

Oviparous with parental care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

From whom do birds descend from?

A

Archosaurian reptiles

  • Theropod dinosaurs (velociraptors) are sister
  • Earliest known sister group w/ feathers are Archaeopteryx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What internal modifications have birds undergone?

A

Skeletal Modifications
Lung Modifications
Gut Modifications
Excretory Modifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What skeletal modifications have birds undergone?

A
  • Bones with struts
  • Rigid airframe w/ fused vertebrae
  • Sternum w/ large keel to support breast muscle for flight
  • Muscles reduced in legs, mostly ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What Lung Modifications have birds undergone?

A
  • More efficient respiration
  • Air passes across parabronchi
  • Less dead volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Gut Modifications have birds undergone?

A
  • Muscular crop and gizzard
  • Use of sand for grinding foods
  • Very rapid digestion and elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What Excretory Modifications have birds undergone?

A
  • More efficient kidney
  • Concentrated Uric Acid
  • Kidney empties into cloaca
  • Salt Glands allow drinking of seawater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

“Sewer”

  • Kidneys deposit metabolic waste in rectum
  • Cloaca serves multiple functions (poop/pee)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Salt Gland?

A

Allows birds to drink seawater b/c they can get rid of salt from seawater by crying salty tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do female birds reproduce?

A

Only left ovary and oviduct develop

-Poop egg out of cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do Male birds reproduce?

A

Most have lost penis - “cloacal kissing”

-Ducks/Ostrich have explosive cork-screw penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is brood parasitism?

A

Bird lays egg in another birds nest for other bird to raise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do birds migrate?

A

Seasonal migration

  • same/different routes
  • nonstop or rest

Navigate using:

  • visual cue
  • sun during day and north star at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two defining characteristics of Mammals?

A

Hair and Mammary Glands

17
Q

What three lines of mammals survived the Mesozoic era?

A

Monotremes (egg laying mammal), Marsupials, and Placentals

18
Q

What are the features of hair in Mammals?

A

Made mostly of Keratin

  • Common to ALL mammals
  • Many functions (Warm, tactile, defense)
19
Q

What are integument glands in Mammals?

A

Sweat Glands
-cooling and sweat

Sebaceous Glands
-oil for skin and hair

20
Q

What are Mammary Glands in Mammals?

A

Modified sweat glands

  • fully develop in mature females
  • give milk during lactation
  • no nipples in monotremes
21
Q

How is the modification of teeth, jaw, and skull significant in mammals?

A

Reflect feeding specialization

  • incisors, canines, molars
  • Sharp canines/incisors for shearing meat (carnivores)
  • Large/many molars for grinding (herbivores)
22
Q

How do herbivores (like cows) get nutrition from plants?

A
  • Molars for grinding
  • Multiple stomachs w/ symbionts
  • Takes a long time to draw out nutrients from plants so long passage through multiple stomachs for bacteria to draw out nutrients
23
Q

What is Diphyodont?

A

2 sets of teeth (deciduous and permanent)

24
Q

What kind of modification of integument or skeleton do mammals experience?

A

Horns - keratin over skull bone

Antlers - annual bone growth and loss

25
Q

What kind of reproductive features do mammals exhibit?

A
  • Dioecious
  • Internal fertilization
  • Most with specific breeding season
  • Fertility restricted to periods of estrus
26
Q

What kind of reproductive features do monotremes exhibit?

A

Oviparous

  • platypus eggs in burrow
  • echidna eggs in pouch
27
Q

What kind of reproductive features do marsupials exhibit?

A

Viviparous

  • short gestation
  • newborns must attach to nipple in pouch
28
Q

What kind of reproductive features do placentals exhibit?

A

Viviparous with placenta

  • long gestation
  • gestation in uterous with nourishment from placenta
  • Developmental status varies (precocial vs atricial)
29
Q

From what kinds of lifestyle did Homo sapiens evolve from?

A

Arboreal (tree living) to ground dwelling (require bipedalism)

30
Q

What adaptations do hominids exhibit?

A
  • Bipedalism
  • Grasping hands, opposable thumb
  • Complex social behavior
  • tool use
31
Q

What complex social behaviors do hominids exhibit?

A

grooming, territoriality, parental care, kin groups

BIO 202 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions