Spleen Pathology Flashcards
what is the most common spleen abnormality?
splenomegaly
splenomegaly measurements
length ______
thickness ______
length > 12cm
thickness > 5cm
as the spleen enlarged it becomes more ____
hypoechoic
what is the most common cause of splenomegaly?
PHTN
causes of massive splenomegaly (4)
leukemia
lymphoma
parasitic infection
metastasis
causes of minimal splenomegaly (4)
PHTN
tuberculosis
sickle cell anemia
AIDS
ultrasound appearance of splenic cysts (3)
thin walls
anechoic
posterior enhancement
T/F: splenic abscesses are common
FALSE - splenic abscesses are UNCOMMON
ultrasound appearance of splenic abscess (4)
complex
irregular shape
debris or gas
dirty shadowing
signs/symptoms of splenic abscess (3)
leukocytosis
LUQ tenderness
fever
what is splenic infarct?
necrosis of the spleen resulting from obstruction of blood supply
splenic infarct is most commonly associated with _____
embolism
splenic infarct may be caused by (3)
sickle cell
bacterial endocarditis
lymphoma
ultrasound appearance of splenic infarct (3)
wedge-shaped mass
acute = hypoechoic
chronic = hyperechoic
splenic trauma is common in ___ and ___
children and alcoholics
T/F: ultrasound is the best modality for splenic trauma
FALSE - CT is the best
what are the 3 main locations of splenic trauma?
subcapsular
intraparenchymal
capsular
ultrasound appearance of splenic trauma (4)
acute hemorrhage: complex or hypoechoic
middle stage: echogenic
later stage: anechoic
chronic hemorrhage: complex or calcified
what does granulomatous disease of the spleen look like?
small echogenic foci throughout the spleen
granulomatous disease of the spleen is found in patients who have a history of (3)
histoplasmosis
tuberculosis
sarcoidosis
splenic hamartoma is associated with ___ and ___
Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome and tuberous sclerosis
splenic hamartoma will show ____ on color doppler
hypervascularity
what is the primary malignant tumor of the spleen?
angiosarcoma
angiosarcoma is derived from ____
blood vessels
what is the most common malignancy of the spleen?
lymphoma
how are the two types of lymphoma differentiated?
microscopically
______ cells indicate Hodgkin lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg
does hodgkin or non-hodgkin have a high recovery rate?
hodgkin
non-hodgkin lymphoma is more _____ than hodgkin lymphoma
more common
metastasic disease to the spleen is ___ and occurs ____ in the disease process
rare
occurs late
most common primary locations of splenic metastasis (4)
skin
breast
lung
ovary
what is the most common type of abdominal visceral branch aneurysm?
splenic artery aneurysm
splenic artery aneurysm is associated with ___ and ___
pregnancy and pancreatic pseudocyst
complication of ____ is found in 10% of patients with splenic artery aneurysm
chronic pancreatitis
what is the second common benign tumor of the spleen?
splenic lymphangioma
what is splenic lymphangioma?
malformation of the lymphatic system usually seen in children
what is autosplenectomy?
gradual fibrosis and dysfunction of the spleen secondary to disease
in a wandering spleen, the ligaments are congenitally absent or weakened due to (2)
connective tissue disease
pregnancy
what are epidermis cysts of the spleen?
true cysts lined by squamous epithelium
what is the most benign primary neoplasm of the spleen?
hemangioma
_____ more frequently metastasizes to the spleen, followed by ___ and ___ cancer
malignant melanoma
breast and lung cancer
in a patient with sickle cell, the spleen is ____ in early stages and becomes _____ in later stages
early stage = enlarged
later stage = small
when the spleen enlarges it extends in what 3 directions?
anterior
medial
inferior
what is polycythemia vera?
blood disorder resulting in uncontrolled RBC production
polycythemia vera causes (2)
hyperviscosity and hypercoagulation
____ and ____ are two classifications of spleen heterotaxia
polysplenia and asplenia
polysplenia is _____ sided predominance
asplenia is _____ sided predominance
polysplenia = left
asplenia = right
___ and ____ hematomas results when the splenic capsule remains intact
subcapsular
intraparenchymal
____ and ____ hematomas results with capsule rupture
perisplenic
intraperitoneal
Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is utilized in the emergency department to document the presence of
free fluid in the peritoneal cavity
what is post traumatic splenosis?
after splenic rupture or surgery, splenic cells may implant throughout the peritoneal cavity resulting in an ectopic spleen
“sandwich” or “mantle” sign is the presence of ____
perivessel lymphoma
lymphoma is noted to displace the IVC and SMA ____
anteriorly
