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ARDMS ABD PATHOLOGY > Spleen Pathology > Flashcards

Spleen Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common spleen abnormality?

A

splenomegaly

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2
Q

splenomegaly measurements

length ______
thickness ______

A

length > 12cm
thickness > 5cm

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3
Q

as the spleen enlarged it becomes more ____

A

hypoechoic

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of splenomegaly?

A

PHTN

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5
Q

causes of massive splenomegaly (4)

A

leukemia
lymphoma
parasitic infection
metastasis

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6
Q

causes of minimal splenomegaly (4)

A

PHTN
tuberculosis
sickle cell anemia
AIDS

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7
Q

ultrasound appearance of splenic cysts (3)

A

thin walls
anechoic
posterior enhancement

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8
Q

T/F: splenic abscesses are common

A

FALSE - splenic abscesses are UNCOMMON

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9
Q

ultrasound appearance of splenic abscess (4)

A

complex
irregular shape
debris or gas
dirty shadowing

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10
Q

signs/symptoms of splenic abscess (3)

A

leukocytosis
LUQ tenderness
fever

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11
Q

what is splenic infarct?

A

necrosis of the spleen resulting from obstruction of blood supply

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12
Q

splenic infarct is most commonly associated with _____

A

embolism

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13
Q

splenic infarct may be caused by (3)

A

sickle cell
bacterial endocarditis
lymphoma

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14
Q

ultrasound appearance of splenic infarct (3)

A

wedge-shaped mass
acute = hypoechoic
chronic = hyperechoic

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15
Q

splenic trauma is common in ___ and ___

A

children and alcoholics

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16
Q

T/F: ultrasound is the best modality for splenic trauma

A

FALSE - CT is the best

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17
Q

what are the 3 main locations of splenic trauma?

A

subcapsular
intraparenchymal
capsular

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18
Q

ultrasound appearance of splenic trauma (4)

A

acute hemorrhage: complex or hypoechoic

middle stage: echogenic

later stage: anechoic

chronic hemorrhage: complex or calcified

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19
Q

what does granulomatous disease of the spleen look like?

A

small echogenic foci throughout the spleen

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20
Q

granulomatous disease of the spleen is found in patients who have a history of (3)

A

histoplasmosis
tuberculosis
sarcoidosis

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21
Q

splenic hamartoma is associated with ___ and ___

A

Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome and tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

splenic hamartoma will show ____ on color doppler

A

hypervascularity

23
Q

what is the primary malignant tumor of the spleen?

A

angiosarcoma

24
Q

angiosarcoma is derived from ____

A

blood vessels

25
Q

what is the most common malignancy of the spleen?

A

lymphoma

26
Q

how are the two types of lymphoma differentiated?

A

microscopically

27
Q

______ cells indicate Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Reed-Sternberg

28
Q

does hodgkin or non-hodgkin have a high recovery rate?

A

hodgkin

29
Q

non-hodgkin lymphoma is more _____ than hodgkin lymphoma

A

more common

30
Q

metastasic disease to the spleen is ___ and occurs ____ in the disease process

A

rare
occurs late

31
Q

most common primary locations of splenic metastasis (4)

A

skin
breast
lung
ovary

32
Q

what is the most common type of abdominal visceral branch aneurysm?

A

splenic artery aneurysm

33
Q

splenic artery aneurysm is associated with ___ and ___

A

pregnancy and pancreatic pseudocyst

34
Q

complication of ____ is found in 10% of patients with splenic artery aneurysm

A

chronic pancreatitis

35
Q

what is the second common benign tumor of the spleen?

A

splenic lymphangioma

36
Q

what is splenic lymphangioma?

A

malformation of the lymphatic system usually seen in children

37
Q

what is autosplenectomy?

A

gradual fibrosis and dysfunction of the spleen secondary to disease

38
Q

in a wandering spleen, the ligaments are congenitally absent or weakened due to (2)

A

connective tissue disease
pregnancy

39
Q

what are epidermis cysts of the spleen?

A

true cysts lined by squamous epithelium

40
Q

what is the most benign primary neoplasm of the spleen?

A

hemangioma

41
Q

_____ more frequently metastasizes to the spleen, followed by ___ and ___ cancer

A

malignant melanoma
breast and lung cancer

42
Q

in a patient with sickle cell, the spleen is ____ in early stages and becomes _____ in later stages

A

early stage = enlarged
later stage = small

43
Q

when the spleen enlarges it extends in what 3 directions?

A

anterior
medial
inferior

44
Q

what is polycythemia vera?

A

blood disorder resulting in uncontrolled RBC production

45
Q

polycythemia vera causes (2)

A

hyperviscosity and hypercoagulation

46
Q

____ and ____ are two classifications of spleen heterotaxia

A

polysplenia and asplenia

47
Q

polysplenia is _____ sided predominance
asplenia is _____ sided predominance

A

polysplenia = left
asplenia = right

48
Q

___ and ____ hematomas results when the splenic capsule remains intact

A

subcapsular
intraparenchymal

49
Q

____ and ____ hematomas results with capsule rupture

A

perisplenic
intraperitoneal

50
Q

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is utilized in the emergency department to document the presence of

A

free fluid in the peritoneal cavity

51
Q

what is post traumatic splenosis?

A

after splenic rupture or surgery, splenic cells may implant throughout the peritoneal cavity resulting in an ectopic spleen

52
Q

“sandwich” or “mantle” sign is the presence of ____

A

perivessel lymphoma

53
Q

lymphoma is noted to displace the IVC and SMA ____

A

anteriorly

ARDMS ABD PATHOLOGY (13 decks)

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