Micellaneous Pathology Flashcards
what is a biloma?
extrahepatic collections of extravasated bile usually located in the RUQ
bilomas are associated with (3)
abdominal trauma
GB disease
biliary surgery
lymphoceles are complications of (4)
renal transplants
gynecologic surgery
vascular surgery
urological surgery
what is a urinoma?
collection of urine located outside the kidney or bladder
urinomas are most commonly associated with (2)
renal transplants
PUV obstruction
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders affecting the ___ and ___ that leads to hip subluxation and dislocation
prox femur
acetabulum
risk factors of hip dysplasia (5)
female
first-born children
frank breech presentation
family history of DDH
oligohydramnios
DHH is 3x more common in the ___ hip
LEFT hip
what are the two clinical tests are used to evaluate an infant with DDH?
Barlow and Ortolani
how is the Barlow test performed?
ADDUCTING the hip and pushing the leg posteriorly
what are ascites?
excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
two mechanisms that produce ascites:
low serum osmotic pressure (protein loss)
high portal venous pressure
causes of ascites (4)
cirrhosis (most common)
renal failure
CHF
cancer (malignant ascites)
ascites are commonly found at the (4)
inferior aspect of the RLL
Morison’s pouch
Pouch of Douglas
paracolic gutters
what are pleural effusions?
accumulation of fluid within the pleural space
what are transudative effusions?
pressure infilitration caused by increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure
causes of transudative effusion (3)
heart failure (most common)
cirrhosis
renal failure
what is exudative effusion?
inflammation caused by capillary permeability
causes of exudative effusion (3)
pneumonia
cancer
pulmonary embolism
what is pneumothorax?
absence of gliding of the parietal and visceral pleura
what artifacts are seen between the parietal and visceral layers in the presence of pneumothorax?
comet tail artifacts
paracentesis removes ___ for the pleural space
ascites
thoracentesis removes ___ from the pleural space
fluid
during thoracentesis, it is important not to aspirate more than 1.5L per day to avoid ___ and ____
hypotension and pulmonary edema
Baker’s cyst is also known as
popliteal cyst
Baker’s cyst symptoms may be mistaken for
DVT
causes of Baker’s cysts (3)
rheumatoid arthritis
osteoarthritis
overuse of the knees
what is the most common tumor of the hand and wrist?
ganglion cyst
what are Bible bumps?
large ganglion cysts
ganglion cysts are treated with ___ or ___
corticosteroid injections
surgical removal
what is the second most common tumor of the hand and wrist?
giant cell tumor
unlike ganglion cysts, giant cell tumors will have no ___
posterior enhancement
direct hernias are ___ to the inferior epigastric vessels
medial
indirect hernias are ___ to the inferior epigastric vessels
lateral
spigelian hernias occur at the ___ of the rectus abdominus muscle
edge
what are incarcerated hernias?
herniated tissue that becomes trapped and cannot easily be moved back into place
pilonidal cysts are also known as (2)
intergluteal cleft or gluteal cleft
what are pilonidal cysts?
loose hairs and skin debris found within the natal cleft (between the buttocks)
what is cellulitis?
infection and subsequent inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
cellulitis is caused by (2)
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
when cellulitis is identified, a thorough investigation for a ___ should ensue
focal abscess
ultrasound appearance of cellulitis (2)
hypoechoic, edematous strands within soft tissue
cobblestone appearance
