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ARDMS ABD PATHOLOGY > Micellaneous Pathology > Flashcards

Micellaneous Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a biloma?

A

extrahepatic collections of extravasated bile usually located in the RUQ

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2
Q

bilomas are associated with (3)

A

abdominal trauma
GB disease
biliary surgery

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3
Q

lymphoceles are complications of (4)

A

renal transplants
gynecologic surgery
vascular surgery
urological surgery

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4
Q

what is a urinoma?

A

collection of urine located outside the kidney or bladder

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5
Q

urinomas are most commonly associated with (2)

A

renal transplants
PUV obstruction

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6
Q

developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders affecting the ___ and ___ that leads to hip subluxation and dislocation

A

prox femur
acetabulum

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7
Q

risk factors of hip dysplasia (5)

A

female
first-born children
frank breech presentation
family history of DDH
oligohydramnios

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8
Q

DHH is 3x more common in the ___ hip

A

LEFT hip

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9
Q

what are the two clinical tests are used to evaluate an infant with DDH?

A

Barlow and Ortolani

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10
Q

how is the Barlow test performed?

A

ADDUCTING the hip and pushing the leg posteriorly

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11
Q

what are ascites?

A

excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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12
Q

two mechanisms that produce ascites:

A

low serum osmotic pressure (protein loss)
high portal venous pressure

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13
Q

causes of ascites (4)

A

cirrhosis (most common)
renal failure
CHF
cancer (malignant ascites)

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14
Q

ascites are commonly found at the (4)

A

inferior aspect of the RLL
Morison’s pouch
Pouch of Douglas
paracolic gutters

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15
Q

what are pleural effusions?

A

accumulation of fluid within the pleural space

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16
Q

what are transudative effusions?

A

pressure infilitration caused by increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure

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17
Q

causes of transudative effusion (3)

A

heart failure (most common)
cirrhosis
renal failure

18
Q

what is exudative effusion?

A

inflammation caused by capillary permeability

19
Q

causes of exudative effusion (3)

A

pneumonia
cancer
pulmonary embolism

20
Q

what is pneumothorax?

A

absence of gliding of the parietal and visceral pleura

21
Q

what artifacts are seen between the parietal and visceral layers in the presence of pneumothorax?

A

comet tail artifacts

22
Q

paracentesis removes ___ for the pleural space

A

ascites

23
Q

thoracentesis removes ___ from the pleural space

A

fluid

24
Q

during thoracentesis, it is important not to aspirate more than 1.5L per day to avoid ___ and ____

A

hypotension and pulmonary edema

25
Q

Baker’s cyst is also known as

A

popliteal cyst

26
Q

Baker’s cyst symptoms may be mistaken for

A

DVT

27
Q

causes of Baker’s cysts (3)

A

rheumatoid arthritis
osteoarthritis
overuse of the knees

28
Q

what is the most common tumor of the hand and wrist?

A

ganglion cyst

29
Q

what are Bible bumps?

A

large ganglion cysts

30
Q

ganglion cysts are treated with ___ or ___

A

corticosteroid injections
surgical removal

31
Q

what is the second most common tumor of the hand and wrist?

A

giant cell tumor

32
Q

unlike ganglion cysts, giant cell tumors will have no ___

A

posterior enhancement

33
Q

direct hernias are ___ to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

medial

34
Q

indirect hernias are ___ to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

lateral

35
Q

spigelian hernias occur at the ___ of the rectus abdominus muscle

A

edge

36
Q

what are incarcerated hernias?

A

herniated tissue that becomes trapped and cannot easily be moved back into place

37
Q

pilonidal cysts are also known as (2)

A

intergluteal cleft or gluteal cleft

38
Q

what are pilonidal cysts?

A

loose hairs and skin debris found within the natal cleft (between the buttocks)

39
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

infection and subsequent inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

40
Q

cellulitis is caused by (2)

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

41
Q

when cellulitis is identified, a thorough investigation for a ___ should ensue

A

focal abscess

42
Q

ultrasound appearance of cellulitis (2)

A

hypoechoic, edematous strands within soft tissue
cobblestone appearance

ARDMS ABD PATHOLOGY (13 decks)

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