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ARDMS ABD PATHOLOGY > Breast Pathology > Flashcards

Breast Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is mastitis?

A

inflammation of the breast

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2
Q

Mastitis is most often associated with ___

A

lactation

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3
Q

What is puerperal mastitis?

A

mastitis associated with breast feeding

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4
Q

Mastitis is caused by ___ or ___ infection

A

staphylococcus
streptococcus

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5
Q

ultrasound appearance of mastitis (4)

A

ill-defined areas of echogenicity
diffuse edema and hypoechoic fluid
> 2mm skin thickness
enlarged lymph nodes

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6
Q

signs/symptoms or mastitis (5)

A

pain
redness
swelling
fever
leukocytosis

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7
Q

primary role of sonography is to determine the presence of a ___ that is affected with mastitis

A

focal abscess

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8
Q

what is a galactocele?

A

milk-filled cyst that can develop after an abrupt termination to breast feeding or result from an obstruction to the lactiferous ducts

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9
Q

galactoceles are located near the ___

A

areola

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10
Q

what is gynecomastia?

A

benign enlargement of the male breast

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11
Q

gynecomastia occurs ___

A

at any time

after birth
during puberty
mid-to-late adulthood

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12
Q

ultrasound appearance of gynecomastia

A

triangular hypoechoic mass posterior to the areola

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13
Q

BI-RAD categories (6)

A

0 = inconclusive/addition imaging needed
1 = normal
2 = benign
3 = probably benign
4 = likely to be cancerous
5 = malignant

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14
Q

what is the most common benign tumor in women of child-bearing age?

A

fibroadenoma

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15
Q

fibroadenomas are ___ induced tumors

A

estrogen

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16
Q

what are phyllodes?

A

giant fibroadenomas that sometimes comprise the entire breast

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17
Q

what is intraductal papilloma?

A

benign tumor that grows into lactiferous ducts

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18
Q

intraductal papilloma is associated with ___ or ___

A

bloody nipple or watery discharge

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19
Q

noninvasive breast cancer occurs ~
invasive breast cancer occurs ~

A

noninvasive ~ 15%
invasive ~ 85%

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20
Q

what is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?

A

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
aka intraductal carcinoma

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21
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ occurs in ___

A

postmenopausal women over 55 years old

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22
Q

what is lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)?

A

indicator that the patient has a higher chance of developing breast cancer in the future

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23
Q

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is most often discovered as a result of ___

A

biopsy done for another reason

24
Q

what is intracystic papillary carcinoma in situ (IPCIS)?

A

rare, well-circumscribed and freely moveable breast cancer

25
Q

what is the most common invasive breast cancer?

A

invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) - 70 to 80%

26
Q

what is the second most common invasive breast cancer?

A

invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) - 10 to 15%

27
Q

what is the most frequently missed breast cancer?

A

invasive lobular carcinoma - doesn’t form a lump

28
Q

with papillary carcinoma, most women present with a ___

A

palpable mass

29
Q

____ carcinoma is slightly more common in men

A

papillary carcinoma

30
Q

____ carcinoma has a higher survival rate after a mastectomy

A

papillary carcinoma

31
Q

what is the fastest growing breast cancer seen in middle aged females?

A

medullary carcinoma

32
Q

which breast cancer produces mucinous secretions?

A

colloid carcinoma

33
Q

what is juvenile breast cancer?

A

rare, invasive breast cancer in young females ( 8 to 15 years old)

34
Q

juvenile breast cancer is also known as

A

secretory breast carcinoma

35
Q

what is Paget’s disease?

A

rare breast cancer in women over 50
cancer cells collect in or around the nipple

36
Q

breast cancer metastasizes to the ____ first

A

lymphatics

37
Q

metastases to the breast come from (5)

A

malignant melanoma (most common)
ovarian carcinoma
GI tract
leukemia
lymphoma

38
Q

two methods of breast implant placement

A

subglandular implant
subpectoral implant

39
Q

in subglandular implant, the implants are placed ___

A

posterior to glandular tissue
anterior to pectoralis muscle

40
Q

which breast implant method require less recovery time?

A

subglandular implant

41
Q

which breast implant method make it more difficult for mammograms to perform?

A

subglandular implant

42
Q

in subpectoral implant, implants are placed

A

posterior to the pectoralis muscle

43
Q

which breast implant method is standard following mastectomy?

A

subpectoral implant

44
Q

breast implants last from __ to __ years

A

10 to 16 years

45
Q

what forms around breast implants?

A

fibrous capsule

46
Q

what is the most common complication after breast augmentation following a mastectomy?

A

abscess and bleeding

47
Q

what is the most common cause of breast implant failure?

A

trauma

48
Q

T/F: ultrasound is the best for evaluating breast implant failure

A

FALSE - MRI is the best

49
Q

what is the most common breast implant rupture?

A

intracapsular rupture

50
Q

what happens in an intracapsular breast implant rupture?

A

some or all of the gel leaks but stays within the fibrous capsule

51
Q

what happens in an extracapsular breast implant rupture?

A

gel escapes through the fibrous capsule and into breast tissue

52
Q

what happens in intracapsular silicone rupture?

A

rupture of the implant with the fibrous capsule still intact

53
Q

what is the “stepladder” sign?

A

seen in intracapsular silicone ruptures
parallel echogenic lines within the implant

54
Q

what happens in extracapsular silicone ruptures?

A

rupture of the implant and fibrous capsule

55
Q

what is the “snowstorm” sign?

A

dirty shadowing seen in extracapsular silicone ruptures

ARDMS ABD PATHOLOGY (13 decks)

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