Breast Pathology

Question 1

What is mastitis?

Answer 1

inflammation of the breast

Question 2

Mastitis is most often associated with ___

Answer 2

lactation

Question 3

What is puerperal mastitis?

Answer 3

mastitis associated with breast feeding

Question 4

Mastitis is caused by ___ or ___ infection

Answer 4

staphylococcus
streptococcus

Question 5

ultrasound appearance of mastitis (4)

Answer 5

ill-defined areas of echogenicity
diffuse edema and hypoechoic fluid
> 2mm skin thickness
enlarged lymph nodes

Question 6

signs/symptoms or mastitis (5)

Answer 6

pain
redness
swelling
fever
leukocytosis

Question 7

primary role of sonography is to determine the presence of a ___ that is affected with mastitis

Answer 7

focal abscess

Question 8

what is a galactocele?

Answer 8

milk-filled cyst that can develop after an abrupt termination to breast feeding or result from an obstruction to the lactiferous ducts

Question 9

galactoceles are located near the ___

Answer 9

areola

Question 10

what is gynecomastia?

Answer 10

benign enlargement of the male breast

Question 11

gynecomastia occurs ___

Answer 11

at any time

after birth
during puberty
mid-to-late adulthood

Question 12

ultrasound appearance of gynecomastia

Answer 12

triangular hypoechoic mass posterior to the areola

Question 13

BI-RAD categories (6)

Answer 13

0 = inconclusive/addition imaging needed
1 = normal
2 = benign
3 = probably benign
4 = likely to be cancerous
5 = malignant

Question 14

what is the most common benign tumor in women of child-bearing age?

Answer 14

fibroadenoma

Question 15

fibroadenomas are ___ induced tumors

Answer 15

estrogen

Question 16

what are phyllodes?

Answer 16

giant fibroadenomas that sometimes comprise the entire breast

Question 17

what is intraductal papilloma?

Answer 17

benign tumor that grows into lactiferous ducts

Question 18

intraductal papilloma is associated with ___ or ___

Answer 18

bloody nipple or watery discharge

Question 19

noninvasive breast cancer occurs ~
invasive breast cancer occurs ~

Answer 19

noninvasive ~ 15%
invasive ~ 85%

Question 20

what is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?

Answer 20

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
aka intraductal carcinoma

Question 21

ductal carcinoma in situ occurs in ___

Answer 21

postmenopausal women over 55 years old

Question 22

what is lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)?

Answer 22

indicator that the patient has a higher chance of developing breast cancer in the future

Question 23

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is most often discovered as a result of ___

Answer 23

biopsy done for another reason

Question 24

what is intracystic papillary carcinoma in situ (IPCIS)?

Answer 24

rare, well-circumscribed and freely moveable breast cancer

Question 25

what is the most common invasive breast cancer?

Answer 25

invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) - 70 to 80%

Question 26

what is the second most common invasive breast cancer?

Answer 26

invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) - 10 to 15%

Question 27

what is the most frequently missed breast cancer?

Answer 27

invasive lobular carcinoma - doesn't form a lump

Question 28

with papillary carcinoma, most women present with a ___

Answer 28

palpable mass

Question 29

____ carcinoma is slightly more common in men

Answer 29

papillary carcinoma

Question 30

____ carcinoma has a higher survival rate after a mastectomy

Answer 30

papillary carcinoma

Question 31

what is the fastest growing breast cancer seen in middle aged females?

Answer 31

medullary carcinoma

Question 32

which breast cancer produces mucinous secretions?

Answer 32

colloid carcinoma

Question 33

what is juvenile breast cancer?

Answer 33

rare, invasive breast cancer in young females ( 8 to 15 years old)

Question 34

juvenile breast cancer is also known as

Answer 34

secretory breast carcinoma

Question 35

what is Paget's disease?

Answer 35

rare breast cancer in women over 50 cancer cells collect in or around the nipple

Question 36

breast cancer metastasizes to the ____ first

Answer 36

lymphatics

Question 37

metastases to the breast come from (5)

Answer 37

malignant melanoma (most common) ovarian carcinoma GI tract leukemia lymphoma

Question 38

two methods of breast implant placement

Answer 38

subglandular implant subpectoral implant

Question 39

in subglandular implant, the implants are placed ___

Answer 39

posterior to glandular tissue anterior to pectoralis muscle

Question 40

which breast implant method require less recovery time?

Answer 40

subglandular implant

Question 41

which breast implant method make it more difficult for mammograms to perform?

Answer 41

subglandular implant

Question 42

in subpectoral implant, implants are placed

Answer 42

posterior to the pectoralis muscle

Question 43

which breast implant method is standard following mastectomy?

Answer 43

subpectoral implant

Question 44

breast implants last from __ to __ years

Answer 44

10 to 16 years

Question 45

what forms around breast implants?

Answer 45

fibrous capsule

Question 46

what is the most common complication after breast augmentation following a mastectomy?

Answer 46

abscess and bleeding

Question 47

what is the most common cause of breast implant failure?

Answer 47

trauma

Question 48

T/F: ultrasound is the best for evaluating breast implant failure

Answer 48

FALSE - MRI is the best

Question 49

what is the most common breast implant rupture?

Answer 49

intracapsular rupture

Question 50

what happens in an intracapsular breast implant rupture?

Answer 50

some or all of the gel leaks but stays within the fibrous capsule

Question 51

what happens in an extracapsular breast implant rupture?

Answer 51

gel escapes through the fibrous capsule and into breast tissue

Question 52

what happens in intracapsular silicone rupture?

Answer 52

rupture of the implant with the fibrous capsule still intact

Question 53

what is the "stepladder" sign?

Answer 53

seen in intracapsular silicone ruptures parallel echogenic lines within the implant

Question 54

what happens in extracapsular silicone ruptures?

Answer 54

rupture of the implant and fibrous capsule

Question 55

what is the "snowstorm" sign?

Answer 55

dirty shadowing seen in extracapsular silicone ruptures