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Histology Test 3 Brendan > Spleen and Thymus > Flashcards

Spleen and Thymus Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ is the largest of the lymphoid organs and is designed for filtering blood,

A

Spleen

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2
Q

The spleen is surrounded by a ____, with _____ passing from it to the interior

A

capsule

trabeculae

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3
Q

There are 2 types of splenic pulp: ___ and ____

A

red, white

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4
Q

____ pulp surrounds and follows arteries. It thickens to form splenic _____

A

white

nodules

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5
Q

____ pulp occurs in irregular masses and forms splenic _____

A

red

cords

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6
Q

The ____ zone is the area between white and red splenic pulp

A

marginal

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7
Q

The connective tissue capsule of the spleen is surrounded by an outer layer of ____. It is heaviest at the ____ where splenic blood enters ____ coming from the capsule.

A

mesothelium
hilus
trabeculae

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8
Q

blood vessels course through the ____

A

trabeculae

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9
Q

Splenic pulp is supported by a meshwork of ______

_____

A

reticular fibers

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10
Q

The spleen has ____ lymphatic vessels in the capsule and large trabeculae. There are no _____ lymphatics

A

efferent

afferent

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11
Q

As blood vessels leave trabeculae they are embedded in the _____ ____ ____, where T cells are concentrated

A

peri-arterial lymphatic sheath

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12
Q

Splenic nodules form along a ____ ____

A

central artery

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13
Q

At the periphery of the white pulp there is a marginal ____ containing ___ ____ where the white pulp transitions to the red pulp

A

zone

marginal sinuses

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14
Q

Splenic ____ pulp is infiltrated with all elements of circling blood.

A

red

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15
Q

The ____ is the greatest producer of macrophages

A

spleen

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16
Q

_____ occurs in the spleen and is the removal of senscent RBC’s

A

erythrophagia

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17
Q

Antigens enter the spleen via blood and are detected by ____ presenting cells in ____ ____

A

antigen

splenic nodules

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18
Q

____ ____ in the spleen=where most of the antigen processing occurs

A

marginal sinuses

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19
Q

When arteries leave trabeculae they acquire a lymphatic ____ that is made of primarily _ cells

A

sheath

T

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20
Q

The central artery branches within the nodules to form the ______ arterioles

A

follicular (Radial)

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21
Q

Follicular arterioles empty into ___ ____

A

marginal sinuses

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22
Q

Marginal sinuses then lead to ____ ____, which branch out in the red pulp.

A

pencillar arterioles

23
Q

The first segment of hte pencillar arterioles retains thin ____ ____ and is called the ____ arteriole

A

smooth muscle

pulp

24
Q

The second segment of pencillar arterioles aquires a sheath of macrophages, reticular cells, and fibers and is called the _____ arteriole

A

sheathed

25
Q

The third segment of pencillar arterioles is a ____ ____ that empties directly into sinuses (______ circulation) or directly into the red pulp (____ circulation)

A

terminal capillary
closed
open

26
Q

Humans have ____ circulation, so arterioles end directly in the red pulp

A

open

27
Q

Surrounding the white pulp is the ____ ___ which contains venous or splenic sinuses and splenic cords (called cords of _____)

A

red pulp

bilroth

28
Q

Splenic sinuses have a _____ endothelium

A

discontinous

29
Q

Each lobule of the thymus (made by ______) has a ___ and a _____

A

trabeculae

cortex, medulla

30
Q

The ____ of the thymus is continuous from lobule to lobule via a common axial strand.

A

medulla

31
Q

The cortex of the thymus consists of primarily ____ cells along with ____ ____ cells that are large and pale. Macrophages and lymphocytes are also present

A

T

epithelial reticular

32
Q

Cortical epithelial reticular cells are ____, where medullary epithelial reticular cells are _____

A

ectodermal

endodermal

33
Q

The cortical epithelial reticular cells program which ___ cells will die and which ones will live and progress to the medulla.

A

T

34
Q

Medullar epithelial cells govern the differentiation into _-____ and ____ ___ cells

A

T helper

T cytolytic

35
Q

Epithelial reticular cells do/do not make reticular fibers

A

do not

36
Q

Cortical epithelial reticular cells separate ____ from the ___ and also surround blood vessels in the cortex

A

cortex, capsule

37
Q

Cortical epithelial reticular cells present ____ and ____ complexes to developing ____ cells

A

MHC1, MHC2

T

38
Q

T-cells that recognize self-MHC but not self antigen are allowed to further _____. Those that cannot recognize MHC are programmed for ____. This is an example of ____ selection

A

develop
apoptosis
positive

39
Q

T cells that recognize self MHC and self-antigens are eliminated by ____ selection by _____ and ___ cells in the cortico-medullary junction

A

negative

macrophages, dendritic

40
Q

Most thymic lymphocytes have a ____ life span and undergo ____ in the thymus

A

short

degeneration

41
Q

Some thymic lymphocytes leave to join the circulating pool via ____ ____ _____

A

post capillary venules

42
Q

Epithelial reticular cells in the medulla form a epithelial reticular cell____. The medulla also contains the thymic corpuscles (____)

A

network

Hassals

43
Q

Arteries enter the ____ core and distribute mainly to the ____

A

medullary

cortex

44
Q

Thymic capilaries have a _____ endothelium and a thick basement membrane with a sheath of ____ ____ cells. This forms the ____ ___ ____

A

continuous
epithelial reticular
blood thymus barrier

45
Q

Lymphocytes migrate through ____ ___ ____

A

post capillary venules

46
Q

____ lymphatics in the interlobular connective tissue drain the thymus, There are no ____ lymphatics, no ____, and no _____ present

A

efferent
aferrent
sinuses, nodules

47
Q

The thymus begins to _____ at puberty, but still functions

A

involute

48
Q

The hall mark of the thymus medulla is _____ ____

A

hassal’s corpuscle

49
Q

T-cells are derived from ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ but undego differentiation in the _____

A

bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cell

thymus

50
Q

Thymic differentiation of T cells is in this order: ___–>___–>____

A

subcortical
cortical
medullary

51
Q

Medullary thymocytes that enter the circulation may be ___ or ____ cells

A

T-helper

T-cytolytic

52
Q

____ cells and ____ tend to become trapped in splenic sinuses where they are destroyed by _____. This leads to anemia, hyperbilirubenimia, and splenomalgy due to blockage

A

sickle, spherocytes

macrophages

53
Q

_____ (enlarged spleen) can be due to portal hypertension is often associated with cirrhosis of the liver

A

splenomegaly

54
Q

_____ syndrome is an inherited immunodefeciency where there is a lack of developed cortical epithelial cells and no T-cell development

A

digeorge

Histology Test 3 Brendan (9 decks)

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