Spleen and Thymus

Question 1

The ____ is the largest of the lymphoid organs and is designed for filtering blood,

Answer 1

Spleen

Question 2

The spleen is surrounded by a ____, with _____ passing from it to the interior

Answer 2

capsule

trabeculae

Question 3

There are 2 types of splenic pulp: ___ and ____

Answer 3

red, white

Question 4

____ pulp surrounds and follows arteries. It thickens to form splenic _____

Answer 4

white

nodules

Question 5

____ pulp occurs in irregular masses and forms splenic _____

Answer 5

red

cords

Question 6

The ____ zone is the area between white and red splenic pulp

Answer 6

marginal

Question 7

The connective tissue capsule of the spleen is surrounded by an outer layer of ____. It is heaviest at the ____ where splenic blood enters ____ coming from the capsule.

Answer 7

mesothelium
hilus
trabeculae

Question 8

blood vessels course through the ____

Answer 8

trabeculae

Question 9

Splenic pulp is supported by a meshwork of ______

_____

Answer 9

reticular fibers

Question 10

The spleen has ____ lymphatic vessels in the capsule and large trabeculae. There are no _____ lymphatics

Answer 10

efferent

afferent

Question 11

As blood vessels leave trabeculae they are embedded in the _____ ____ ____, where T cells are concentrated

Answer 11

peri-arterial lymphatic sheath

Question 12

Splenic nodules form along a ____ ____

Answer 12

central artery

Question 13

At the periphery of the white pulp there is a marginal ____ containing ___ ____ where the white pulp transitions to the red pulp

Answer 13

zone

marginal sinuses

Question 14

Splenic ____ pulp is infiltrated with all elements of circling blood.

Answer 14

red

Question 15

The ____ is the greatest producer of macrophages

Answer 15

spleen

Question 16

_____ occurs in the spleen and is the removal of senscent RBC’s

Answer 16

erythrophagia

Question 17

Antigens enter the spleen via blood and are detected by ____ presenting cells in ____ ____

Answer 17

antigen

splenic nodules

Question 18

____ ____ in the spleen=where most of the antigen processing occurs

Answer 18

marginal sinuses

Question 19

When arteries leave trabeculae they acquire a lymphatic ____ that is made of primarily _ cells

Answer 19

sheath

T

Question 20

The central artery branches within the nodules to form the ______ arterioles

Answer 20

follicular (Radial)

Question 21

Follicular arterioles empty into ___ ____

Answer 21

marginal sinuses

Question 22

Marginal sinuses then lead to ____ ____, which branch out in the red pulp.

Answer 22

pencillar arterioles

Question 23

The first segment of hte pencillar arterioles retains thin ____ ____ and is called the ____ arteriole

Answer 23

smooth muscle

pulp

Question 24

The second segment of pencillar arterioles aquires a sheath of macrophages, reticular cells, and fibers and is called the _____ arteriole

Answer 24

sheathed

Question 25

The third segment of pencillar arterioles is a ____ ____ that empties directly into sinuses (______ circulation) or directly into the red pulp (____ circulation)

Answer 25

terminal capillary closed open

Question 26

Humans have ____ circulation, so arterioles end directly in the red pulp

Answer 26

open

Question 27

Surrounding the white pulp is the ____ ___ which contains venous or splenic sinuses and splenic cords (called cords of _____)

Answer 27

red pulp | bilroth

Question 28

Splenic sinuses have a _____ endothelium

Answer 28

discontinous

Question 29

Each lobule of the thymus (made by ______) has a ___ and a _____

Answer 29

trabeculae | cortex, medulla

Question 30

The ____ of the thymus is continuous from lobule to lobule via a common axial strand.

Answer 30

medulla

Question 31

The cortex of the thymus consists of primarily ____ cells along with ____ ____ cells that are large and pale. Macrophages and lymphocytes are also present

Answer 31

T | epithelial reticular

Question 32

Cortical epithelial reticular cells are ____, where medullary epithelial reticular cells are _____

Answer 32

ectodermal | endodermal

Question 33

The cortical epithelial reticular cells program which ___ cells will die and which ones will live and progress to the medulla.

Answer 33

T

Question 34

Medullar epithelial cells govern the differentiation into _-____ and ____ ___ cells

Answer 34

T helper | T cytolytic

Question 35

Epithelial reticular cells do/do not make reticular fibers

Answer 35

do not

Question 36

Cortical epithelial reticular cells separate ____ from the ___ and also surround blood vessels in the cortex

Answer 36

cortex, capsule

Question 37

Cortical epithelial reticular cells present ____ and ____ complexes to developing ____ cells

Answer 37

MHC1, MHC2 | T

Question 38

T-cells that recognize self-MHC but not self antigen are allowed to further _____. Those that cannot recognize MHC are programmed for ____. This is an example of ____ selection

Answer 38

develop apoptosis positive

Question 39

T cells that recognize self MHC and self-antigens are eliminated by ____ selection by _____ and ___ cells in the cortico-medullary junction

Answer 39

negative | macrophages, dendritic

Question 40

Most thymic lymphocytes have a ____ life span and undergo ____ in the thymus

Answer 40

short | degeneration

Question 41

Some thymic lymphocytes leave to join the circulating pool via ____ ____ _____

Answer 41

post capillary venules

Question 42

Epithelial reticular cells in the medulla form a epithelial reticular cell____. The medulla also contains the thymic corpuscles (____)

Answer 42

network | Hassals

Question 43

Arteries enter the ____ core and distribute mainly to the ____

Answer 43

medullary | cortex

Question 44

Thymic capilaries have a _____ endothelium and a thick basement membrane with a sheath of ____ ____ cells. This forms the ____ ___ ____

Answer 44

continuous epithelial reticular blood thymus barrier

Question 45

Lymphocytes migrate through ____ ___ ____

Answer 45

post capillary venules

Question 46

____ lymphatics in the interlobular connective tissue drain the thymus, There are no ____ lymphatics, no ____, and no _____ present

Answer 46

efferent aferrent sinuses, nodules

Question 47

The thymus begins to _____ at puberty, but still functions

Answer 47

involute

Question 48

The hall mark of the thymus medulla is _____ ____

Answer 48

hassal's corpuscle

Question 49

T-cells are derived from ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ but undego differentiation in the _____

Answer 49

bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cell | thymus

Question 50

Thymic differentiation of T cells is in this order: ___-->___-->____

Answer 50

subcortical cortical medullary

Question 51

Medullary thymocytes that enter the circulation may be ___ or ____ cells

Answer 51

T-helper | T-cytolytic

Question 52

____ cells and ____ tend to become trapped in splenic sinuses where they are destroyed by _____. This leads to anemia, hyperbilirubenimia, and splenomalgy due to blockage

Answer 52

sickle, spherocytes | macrophages

Question 53

_____ (enlarged spleen) can be due to portal hypertension is often associated with cirrhosis of the liver

Answer 53

splenomegaly

Question 54

_____ syndrome is an inherited immunodefeciency where there is a lack of developed cortical epithelial cells and no T-cell development

Answer 54

digeorge